Biology section 5 key words Homeostasis Flashcards
Define Abstinence
Deliberately refraining from having sexual intercourse
Define Adrenaline
A hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear or stress which increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of blood to the brain and muscles as a part of the ‘flight or fight’ response
Define Contraception
Methods used to prevent pregnancy
Define Coordination centres
Areas of the body like the brain , spinal cord and pancreas that receive and process information from receptors
Define Effectors
Muscles or glands which bring about responses which restore optimum levels
Define Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
A female reproductive hormone that causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary
Gland
A group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood
Homeostasis
The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes
In vitro fertilisation(IVF)
Fertilising a woman’s egg using sperm outside if the body
Luteinising hormone(LH)
A female reproductive hormone that stimulates the release of an egg
Negative feedback cycle
A regulatory mechanism that reverses a change
Oestrogen
The main female reproductive hormone which causes the uterus lining to grow and repair
Receptors
Organs or cells that detect stimulus
Reflex action
A rapid and automatic response to a stimulus
Selective reabsorption
Reabsorbing certain useful molecules (like glucose, some ions and water) back into the blood after they have been filtered out
Stimuli
Changes in the environment
Target organ
The organ which a hormone acts on to produce an effect
Testosterone
The main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production
The central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord which coordinate the response of effectors
Thyroxine
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases the metabolic rate in the body
Type 1 diabetes
a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin which characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
Type 2 diabetes
A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas
Synapse
The gap between two neurons. allows many different neurons to connect
Endocrine system
The system of glands that secrete hormones
Pituitary gland
A gland that secretes several hormones into the blood. sometimes known as the master gland as these hormones control other glands to realise hormones
Glycogen
A storage molecule made from many glucose molecules bonded together. found in the liver and muscle cells
