Biology section 5 key words Homeostasis

Question 1

Define Abstinence

Answer 1

Deliberately refraining from having sexual intercourse

Question 2

Define Adrenaline

Answer 2

A hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear or stress which increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of blood to the brain and muscles as a part of the ‘flight or fight’ response

Question 3

Define Contraception

Answer 3

Methods used to prevent pregnancy

Question 4

Define Coordination centres

Answer 4

Areas of the body like the brain , spinal cord and pancreas that receive and process information from receptors

Question 5

Define Effectors

Answer 5

Muscles or glands which bring about responses which restore optimum levels

Question 6

Define Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)

Answer 6

A female reproductive hormone that causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary

Question 7

Gland

Answer 7

A group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 8

Glucagon

Answer 8

A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes

Question 10

In vitro fertilisation(IVF)

Answer 10

Fertilising a woman’s egg using sperm outside if the body

Question 11

Luteinising hormone(LH)

Answer 11

A female reproductive hormone that stimulates the release of an egg

Question 12

Negative feedback cycle

Answer 12

A regulatory mechanism that reverses a change

Question 13

Oestrogen

Answer 13

The main female reproductive hormone which causes the uterus lining to grow and repair

Question 14

Receptors

Answer 14

Organs or cells that detect stimulus

Question 15

Reflex action

Answer 15

A rapid and automatic response to a stimulus

Question 16

Selective reabsorption

Answer 16

Reabsorbing certain useful molecules (like glucose, some ions and water) back into the blood after they have been filtered out

Question 17

Stimuli

Answer 17

Changes in the environment

Question 18

Target organ

Answer 18

The organ which a hormone acts on to produce an effect

Question 19

Testosterone

Answer 19

The main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production

Question 20

The central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 20

The brain and spinal cord which coordinate the response of effectors

Question 21

Thyroxine

Answer 21

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases the metabolic rate in the body

Question 22

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 22

a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin which characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels

Question 23

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 23

A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas

Question 24

Synapse

Answer 24

The gap between two neurons. allows many different neurons to connect

Question 24

Endocrine system

Answer 24

The system of glands that secrete hormones

Question 25

Pituitary gland

Answer 25

A gland that secretes several hormones into the blood. sometimes known as the master gland as these hormones control other glands to realise hormones

Question 26

Glycogen

Answer 26

A storage molecule made from many glucose molecules bonded together. found in the liver and muscle cells