Biology: Respiration

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

Chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Question 2

State Word Equation & Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 3

Define Aerobic Respiration

Answer 3

Release of relatively large amount of energy in cells by breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen

Question 4

State Uses of Energy in Body of Humans

Answer 4

Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature

Question 5

AGS not specifically IG content:

Air Path

Answer 5

Nose or mouth
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alvelioli

Question 6

How Do You Test For CO2?

Answer 6

Bubble the sample through limewater, positive result leads in limewater turning milky white, due to the limewater(calcium hydroxide) reacts with CO2 to form insoluble calcium carbonate.

Question 7

Explain Effects of Physical Activity

Answer 7

Exercise leads to cramps, where muscles do not have enough O2 leading to incomplete breakdown which produces lactic acid, so rate of breathing increases to try to keep supply up to meet demand.
Solution to cramp: Stop and breath so lactic acid finishes conversion and pain goes away

Question 8

What is the Larynx?

Answer 8

Larynx, or voice box, sits beneath the epiglottis, and underneath splits into trachea and oesophagus, and manipulates pitch and volume, essential for phonation

Question 9

What is the contraction of muscles to move things called?

Answer 9

Peristalsis.

Question 10

What is the Epiglottis?

Answer 10

A flap which prevents food from going down into the trachea, choking.

Question 11

What keeps the windpipe open?

Answer 11

Rings of cartilage.

Question 12

What does tobacco do to your lungs?

Answer 12

It breaks the walls between alveoli.

Question 13

Why are the alveoli in grape-like bunches?

Answer 13

To increase surface area to maximise efficiency,

Question 14

Describe Inhalation and Exhalation.

Answer 14

Inhale/Exhale
Ribcage muscles and diaphragm contract/relax, volume of thorax increases/decreases, pressure in lungs decreases/increases, air enters/leaves lungs.

Question 15

Describe the Alveoli and how they specifically adapt for their purpose.

Answer 15

They are moist for dissolving gas, have very thin walls to allow gas to pass through, and cover a large surface area. In them, O2 enters and exchanges with red blood cells in capillaries branching from pulmonaries without O2 for CO2, (purply coloured cells).

Question 16

State differences in composition of inspired and expired air.

Answer 16

Air In : Strong triple covalently bonded N2 78%, Oxygen 20%, Carbon Dioxide 0.04%, and 0.93% Argon.
Air Out : Now contains water, 4-5% CO2 and less oxygen.

Question 17

Why is the process of suction of air into lungs a misnomer?

Answer 17

The pressure in the lungs is less than the pressure of the atmosphere so the air is forced into the lungs from outside via the nose/mouth.

Question 18

Define Gas Exchange.

Answer 18

Physical process in which gas, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide across a membrane surface.

Question 19

What are the major toxic components of tobacco smoke?

Answer 19

Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, smoke particles.

Question 20

Explain the role of mucus in the gas exchange system.

Answer 20

Goblet cells release mucus which evaporates and moistens the nose, and cilia are tiny, hair-like projections which are constantly moving. These trap bacteria and dust particles, so they don’t move further into the gas exchange system.