Biology Quiz 4

Question 1

Hydrolytic enzymes that react with nucleic acids. Component of both pancreatic juice + intestinal juice.

Answer 1

Nuclease

Question 2

Gland posterior to the stomach + has endocrine + exocrine functions. Endocrine gland: its islets of Langerhans produce insulin + glucagon. Exocrine gland: produces pancreatic juice.

Answer 2

Pancreas

Question 3

Enzyme that digests starch to maltose –> cuts the sugar bonds

Answer 3

Amylase

Question 4

Contains pancreatic amylase, trypsin, lipase, nucleases, sodium bicarbonate + water –> used as lubricant + ingredient in hydrolysis reactions. The exocrine secretion from the pancreas

Answer 4

Pancreatic Juice

Question 5

Protease enzyme. Breaks some of the peptide bonds holding specific amino acids together producing “polypeptides” (sections of proteins of various lengths)

Answer 5

Pepsin

Question 6

Inactive form of pepsin, HCL is required to activate it.

Answer 6

Pepsinogen

Question 7

Enzymes that break peptide bonds. Components of intestinal juice. Substrates are peptides that have withstood the action of pepsin + trypsin. Products –> amino acids.

Answer 7

Peptidase

Question 8

Smooth muscle contractions along tubular structures. Promotes the movement of material through soft-walled tubes. Accounts for swallowing + moving material long digestive tract

Answer 8

Peristalsis

Question 9

Back of the throat where food + air travel (specialized openings to esophagus + trachea). Epiglottis protects the opening of the trachea when swallowing.

Answer 9

Pharynx

Question 10

Mechanical breaking apart of food materials in the digestive system. Occurs in the moth, stomach + duodenum.

Answer 10

Physical digestion

Question 11

An enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids

Answer 11

Protease

Question 12

Muscular constriction at the bottom of the stomach. Relaxes to permit small amounts of acid chyme into the duodenum (to buffer to a higher pH + digested further)

Answer 12

Pyloric sphincter

Question 13

Last portion of the large intestine. Compacts + stores feces until defecation

Answer 13

Rectum

Question 14

Enzyme in saliva that digests starch + glycogen. Product of amylase activity is maltose. Denatured in the stomach + digested as with any other protein that is swallowed.

Answer 14

Salivary amylase

Question 15

Set of three exocrine glands that deliver mucus (water) and salivary amylase to the mouth

Answer 15

Salivary gland

Question 16

Saliva. Combination of salivary amylase + mucus (water)

Answer 16

Salivary juice

Question 17

Longest portion of digestive tract. Transport - conducts peristalsis. Digestion - contains bile + pancreatic juice + variety of digestive enzymes. Absorption - villi with capillaries + lacteals for absorption.

Answer 17

Small intestine

Question 18

Buffering component of pancreatic juice. Maintain the pH of chyme at around 8.4 which is optimal for the function of pancreatic enzymes

Answer 18

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 19

Storage for food. Physical digestion of food (ridges + washboard) and chemical digestion of protein (catalyzed by pepsin)

Answer 19

Stomach

Question 20

Reflexive action that initiates the movement of a ball of food (bolus) down the esophagus. Controlled by the medulla oblongata. The epiglottis covers the top of the trachea to facilitate swallowing.

Answer 20

Swallowing

Question 21

Protease (enzyme) component of pancreatic juice. Breaks peptide bonds converting polypeptides into peptides during protein digestion.

Answer 21

Trypsin

Question 22

Finger-like projections along the inner wall of the ileum that contains blood vessels and a lacteal. Function for the absorption of the products of digestion.

Answer 22

Villus