Biology Quiz 2

Question 1

The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body; resets body; returns system to normalcy

Answer 1

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 2

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body; motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands; nerves that carry sensory messages to the CNS

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

Endocrine glands attached to the hypothalamus; most important gland in the system; anterior (secretes hormones), posterior (secretes oxytocin + ADH)

Answer 3

Pituitary Gland

Question 4

Membrane with a positive electrical charge on one surface and a negative charge on the other surface

Answer 4

Polarized Membrane

Question 5

Membrane that receives a signal from the presynaptic cell; responds with depolarization or hyperpolarization

Answer 5

Postsynaptic Membrane

Question 6

Membrane channel that allows the flow of potassium ions across the cell membrane

Answer 6

Potassium gate

Question 7

Membrane of an axon that sends a signal across a synapse to the postsynaptic cell

Answer 7

Presynaptic membrane

Question 8

Cytoskeletal feature comprised of proteins which display secondary structure; when these proteins associate with specific chemical substances, their shape changes + they elongate thus move organelles within cytoplasm

Answer 8

Contractile (protractile) protein

Question 9

Protein in cell membrane that has a bonding site for a substance that can be in its environment (exists on most cells)

Answer 9

Receptor

Question 10

Simplest complete neutral pathway, involving a sensory neuron, interneuron + motor neuron; advantage is its immediacy of response

Answer 10

Reflex arc

Question 11

The time in which a nerve cell is unable to fire an action potential (nerve impulse)

Answer 11

Refractory period

Question 12

Process that allows a neuron’s membrane to regain the polarized condition it has during resting potential; opening of potassium gates permits outflow of potassium ions reducing positive nature, thus regaining resting potential

Answer 12

Repolarization

Question 13

Polarity across a membrane of a resting neuron due to unequal distribution of ions

Answer 13

Resting potential

Question 14

Impulses moving from node to node; faster because less places to travel along; fast response in case of danger/damage

Answer 14

Saltatory transmission

Question 15

Fatty cell considered to be specialized types of glial cell, support nerve cells + its function; make up myelin sheath + result in saltatory transmission

Answer 15

Schwann Cell

Question 16

Nerve cell that conducts an impulse from a receptor to CNS; have long dendrites + short axons, their cell bodies are located along dorsal root at ganglin

Answer 16

Sensory Neuron

Question 17

Protein in membrane of neurons that changes shape + allows sodium ions into neurons once neuromembrane is disturbed by stimulus that surpasses a threshold

Answer 17

Sodium gate

Question 18

Enzyme-based mechanism that maintains correct concentrations of sodium + potassium ions

Answer 18

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 19

Controls voluntary movement

Answer 19

Somatic nervous system

Question 20

The part of the autonomic nervous system that excites the body; fight or flight response

Answer 20

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

Gap between neurons; allows you to turn off impulses; junction point between a nerve and any other structure

Answer 21

Synapse

Question 22

gap between the presynaptic + postsynaptic membranes of a synapse

Answer 22

Synaptic clef

Question 23

Ending of an axon at a synaptic cleft

Answer 23

Synaptic ending

Question 24

Secretory vesicle that delivers neurotransmission presynaptic membrane

Answer 24

Synaptic vesicle

Question 25

Region of the middle brain, “sorting centre”; all impulses travelling to the cerebral cortex passes through here, which directs them to correct association area

Answer 25

Thalamus