Biology Quiz 3

Question 1

Posterior opening of the digestive tract, protected by the anal sphincter

Answer 1

Anal

Question 2

Liver secretion that passes through the bile duct into the duodenum (kept in gall bladder until given entry). Emulsifier of liquids (fats) and breaks fats into smaller pieces.

Answer 2

Bile

Question 3

Smallest type of blood vessel. Walls are only one cell thick which facilitates capillary-tissue fluid exchange

Answer 3

Capillary

Question 4

Muscular constriction along the gastro - intestinal tract located to where the esophagus meets the stomach (near the heart). Prevents stomach from going up to esophagus. It must relax to allow a bolus to enter the stomach.

Answer 4

Cardiac Sphincter

Question 5

Hydrolyte reactions that reduce food molecules to monomers by enzymatic activity. Occurs in the mouth, stomach, and the duodenum.

Answer 5

Chemical digestion

Question 6

Hydrolytic enzymes that chemically break food molecules into monomers. Found in saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice + intestinal juice.

Answer 6

Digestive enzyme

Question 7

Tube that conducts food through the body from the mouth to the anus. Specializes in organs + accessory organs attached to it. Functions to digest food, extract nutrients + prepare undigested material for defecation.

Answer 7

Digestive tract

Question 8

First portion of the small intestine. Food materials are released from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter. Region where majority of the digestive activity takes place. Bile from gall bladder enters here + pancreatic juice. Duodenal walls produce their own enzymes.

Answer 8

Duodenum

Question 9

The process of breaking down the fat into smaller blood cells which makes it easy for enzymes to function and digest food

Answer 9

Emulsification

Question 10

Ventral flap of tissue on the top of trachea. Normally flap is opened + reflexively closes during swallowing. Prevents food materials from entering air passageways.

Answer 10

Epiglottis

Question 11

“Food tube” located dorsal to the trachea, extends from base of pharynx to the cardiac sphincter. walls lined with both circular + longitudinal muscles that conduct peristalsis to move bolus along.

Answer 11

Esophagus

Question 12

Thin-walled storage sac attached to the underside of the liver. Stores bile which, when released, enters the duodenum + emulsifies fat to increase efficiency of lipase.

Answer 12

Gall Bladder

Question 13

Digestive secretion produced by the stomach, releases as a result of the action of the hormone gastrin. Contains HCL, pepsinogen + mucus

Answer 13

Gastric juice (stomach fluids)

Question 14

Acidic component of gastric juice. Converts pepsinogen to the active enzyme, pepsin which breaks some peptide bonds starting the digestion of proteins in the stomach.

Answer 14

Hydrochloric acid

Question 15

Protein hormone produced by B-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Promotes the uptake and use of blood sugar by cells.

Answer 15

Insulin

Question 16

Digestive secretion of the small intestine. Contains a variety of enzymes that complete the chemical digestion of food. Has disaccharides, peptides, nucleases + water.

Answer 16

Intestinal juice

Question 17

Transports the products of fact digestion away from the intestines. Each villus contains a lacteal. Beginning of the lymphatic system in the villi of the small intestine

Answer 17

Lacteals

Question 18

Absorbs water left over from the digestive process. Contains bacterial that aid in the formation of feces. Four major sections: the ascending, transverse, descending colons + the rectum

Answer 18

Large intestine (colon)

Question 19

digesting enzyme produced by the pancreases + enters the duodenum as a component of pancreatic juice. Products of the activity are fatty acids + glycerol. Efficiency increases by the activity of the bile.

Answer 19

Lipase

Question 20

Largest inner organ of the body. Located posterior to the diaphragm. Functions include production of bile, conversion of ammonia into urea, storage of glucose as glycogen, production of globulus.

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Disaccharides that catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose as well as dehydration synthesis of glucose molecules to make maltose. Component of intestinal juice produced by small intestine.

Answer 21

Maltase