Biology Quiz 1

Question 1

Most common; used in the brain and in transmission to muscles (functions as a neurotransmitter)

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

an enzyme that breaks down ach; stops the more impulses

Answer 2

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 3

Nerve impulse; neuron sends information away from the cell

Answer 3

Action potential

Question 4

controls fight or flight response hormones (adrenaline/noradrenaline); inner part of an adrenal gland

Answer 4

Adrenal medulla

Question 5

Hormone released in stressful conditions; increases metabolism, rates of circulation and breathing + prepares muscles

Answer 5

Adrenalin

Question 6

a neuron’s reaction of either firing or not firing; only happens if the stimulus exceeds the threshold.

Answer 6

“all or none” response

Question 7

part of the PNS; controls involuntary functions (breathing, heartbeat, digestion, etc)

Answer 7

Autonomic nervous system

Question 8

conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Answer 8

Axon

Question 9

second messenger in neurotransmitter release from neurons

Answer 9

Calcium ion

Question 10

part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

Answer 10

Cell body

Question 11

brain and spinal cord; controls the body

Answer 11

Central nervous system

Question 12

area of the brain that controls muscle activity

Answer 12

Cerebellum

Question 13

area of the brain that controls all voluntary activity; responsible for consciousness

Answer 13

Cerebrum

Question 14

band of nerve cells that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 14

Corpus callosum

Question 15

receives nerve impulses from other cells and conducts them towards the cell body

Answer 15

Dendrite

Question 16

When sodium enters the cell during an impulse; causes the interior of the cell to be more positive

Answer 16

Depolarization

Question 17

An organ or cell that acts in responses to a stimulus

Answer 17

Effector

Question 18

Excite the next cell into firing; chemical substances released by the synpatic ends of axons to increase the activity of the effectors

Answer 18

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 19

area of the brain that controls the pituitary gland; helps maintain stable conditions

Answer 19

Hypothalamus

Question 20

Signal that travels along nerve fibers and releases neurotransmitter; transmits information

Answer 20

Impulse

Question 21

Neurotransmitter that causes the next cell to stop firing

Answer 21

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

Question 22

Neuro found in the CNS; transmits information/nerve impulses; relays messages from sensory neuron to motor neuron

Answer 22

Interneuron

Question 23

Area of the brain that controls the functions of many internal organs; responsible for involuntary actions

Answer 23

Medulla oblongata

Question 24

protective membranous coverings around the CNS

Answer 24

Meninges

Question 25

takes nerve impulses from the CNS to the effector (muscles/glands)

Answer 25

Motor Neuron

Question 26

A protective covering of nerve fibers; fatty material created in the Schwann cells

Answer 26

Myelin Sheath

Question 27

nerve cells that also make hormones; receive messages from the nervous system and respond by making/releasing hormones

Answer 27

Neuroendocrine Control Centre

Question 28

Nerve cell that conducts impulses; 3 categories: motor , sensory, interneurons

Answer 28

Neuron

Question 29

Chemicals stored in the axon responsible for transmission across a synapse

Answer 29

Neurotransmitters

Question 30

Gap in the myelin sheath; movement of ions resulting in impulse transmission along myelin covered neuron fibers only occur at the node

Answer 30

Node of Ranvier

Question 31

neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system; controls alertness

Answer 31

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)