Biology quiz 2 unkown stuffs Flashcards
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What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic info
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the cell’s DNA.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Converts RNA into amino acids and protein
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis in cells.
What is the primary role of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Where lipids/hormones are made
Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
What is the primary role of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?
Rough ER Has ribosomes on it
Rough ER is primarily involved in protein synthesis and processing.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Packages proteins into vesicles for transport
The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
What are vesicles?
Small containers that carry materials out of the cell and between organelles
Vesicles are essential for transporting substances within the cell.
What does the cell membrane do?
Protective barrier that controls what goes in & out of the cell
The cell membrane also facilitates communication between cells.
What is the cytoskeleton?
Long fibers that give a cell shape & structure
The cytoskeleton maintains the organization of the cell’s internal structures.
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Breaks down molecules to get energy for the cell
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.
What do lysosomes do?
Breaks down unneeded proteins and damaged cell parts for recycling
Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest cellular waste.
List the parts of prokaryotic cells.
- Cytoplasm
- Cell wall
- Genetic material
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
What structures are unique to animal cells compared to plant cells?
- Lysosomes
- Centrosomes
Animal cells also lack cell walls and chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells.
What are pseudopods?
They are “temporary feet/arms” that some cells (like macrophage) can extend outwards to move.
Pseudopods are temporary projections of the cell’s cytoplasm.
What are cilia?
Tiny hair-like structures that aid in movement that some cells have (such as respiratory epithelial cells)
Cilia are found on the surface of some epithelial cells.
What is a flagellum?
A tail-like structure used for movement that some cells have (like sperm cells)
Sperm cells have flagella for propulsion.
What are the shapes of bacteria?
- Cocci (spherical)
- Bacilli (rod shaped)
- Spirilla (spiral shaped)
Bacterial shape is important for classification.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is found in non-animal cells and gives structure, support, and protection,
The ____ is found in all cells and controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cell wall, Cell membrane
The cell wall is made of cellulose in plants.
What are protists?
Organisms that are neither plants, animals, nor fungi
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms.
What distinguishes Archaea from bacteria?
Similar but evolutionally different
Archaea often inhabit extreme environments.
What is a fungus?
A plant-like organism that does not make clorophyll, but rather gets energy from absorbing organic matter from their surroundings.
Fungi play a crucial role in decomposition.
What are capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels with thin walls that materials in the blood can move through to get to organs
Capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
What are arteries responsible for?
Carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart, are thick & muscular for carrying high blood pressures
Arteries have thick, muscular walls to withstand high pressure.
What is the primary function of veins?
Carrying high volumes of deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
