benchmark 1

Question 1

Public goods

Answer 1

Goods that are provided for free by the government

Question 2

private goods

Answer 2

Goods that are purchased from an entity, and are solely used by the person that purchased it

Question 3

toll goods

Answer 3

Goods that are availible to everyone, but must be paid for

Question 4

common goods

Answer 4

Goods that are free but are limited in supply

Question 5

confederacy

Answer 5

When the state government has more power than the federal government

Question 6

federalism

Answer 6

When government power is evenly divided between the federal and state governments

Question 7

direct democracy
indirect democracy
parliamentary democracy/constitutional monarchy

Answer 7

direct democracy - a form of government in which citizens directly participate in government processes
indirect democracy - a form of government when citizens vote for representatives to participate in the government on their behalf
Parliamentary democracy - a democracy that has a monarch, prime minister, and parliament

Question 8

totalitarianism

Answer 8

a form of government where no one has rights, and everything is controlled

Question 9

monarchy
constitutional monarchy
autocracy

Answer 9

monarchy - a form of government in which one person has power
constitutional monarchy: a monarchy in which the monarch’s power is limited
autocracy - a monarchy in which the monarch’s power is unlimited

Question 10

minority rights

Answer 10

Rights that the minority is entitled to (such as relgion, cultural rights) and must be protected no matter what

Question 11

roles of the branches

Answer 11

legislative - to make laws
executive - enforcing laws & other responsibilities, such as delcaring war
judicial - decides if things are constitutional and solves disputes

Question 12

unitary system

Answer 12

When the federal government has supreme authority

Question 13

devolution

Answer 13

The process of decentralizing power from the federal government

Question 14

rule of law
consent of the governed
limited government
individual rights
republicanism

Answer 14

rule of law - the idea that everyone is bound to the law
consent of the governed - the idea that people give the government power
limited government - the idea that the government doesn’t have unlimited power
indiviual rights - the rights that every human has
republicanism - a system in which people vote for representatives in government

Question 15

popular sovereignty
separation of powers
checks and balances

Answer 15

popular sovereignty - the power to rule comes from the consent of the people
separation of powers - the separation of government power into branches
checks and balances - when each branch of government works to control and manage the power of other branches of government

Question 16

1st ammendment
2nd ammendment
3rd ammendment
4th ammendment
5th ammendment

Answer 16

1st ammendment - the right to religion, speech, the press, petition, and assembly
2nd ammendment - the right to bear arms
3rd ammendment - soldiers do not have the right to live in your home
4th ammendment - protects from unreasonable searches and seizues
5th ammendment - miranda rights: the right to remain silent, a trial by jury, double jeopardy, due process, etc.

Question 17

6th ammendment
7th ammendment
8th ammendment
9th ammendment
10th ammendment

Answer 17

6th: Gives rights to criminal defendants: speedy and public trial, impartial journey, confront jury, informed of charges against you, legal assistance
7th: the right to a trial by jury in civil cases (a dispute between 2 parties) when the value in question is over $20.
8th ammendment: protection from cruel and unusual punishment
9th: rights are not limited to those listed in the constitution
10th: power that isn’t given to the federal government is given to the states or the people

Question 18

enlightenment

Answer 18

an intellectual movement of the 16 and 1700s in which philosophy centered around topics such as God, humanity, nature, etc.

Question 19

politics

Answer 19

The process of gaining and exercising control within a
government for the purpose of setting and achieving particular goals.

Question 20

roles of the government

Answer 20

Making laws, settle conflicts, protect the community, guide the community & plan for its future, make budgets, interact with other communities.

Question 21

oligharchy

Answer 21

A form of government in which a group of people have power

Question 22

ancient greek influences on US democracy

Answer 22

Democracy, citizenship, constituion, citizens made laws, rule of law, equal justice, city governments, civic participation, judges, juries

Question 23

ancient roman influences on US democracy

Answer 23

Representative democracy/republicanism, bicameral legislature, senate, preliminary hearings (decision if there is enough evidence to continue the trial), magistrates, trials, republicanism, separation of powers, checks and balances, branches of gov, veto power, term limits.

Question 24

magistrate

Answer 24

a judge

Question 25

social contract

Answer 25

An agreement between the people and the government that they must obey in exchange for rewards, such as rights or protection.

Question 26

unalienable rights

Answer 26

rights that can’t be taken away

Question 27

bicameral legislature

Answer 27

When the legislature (law maker) is divided into 2 houses

Question 28

an example about how not everyone had personal sovereignty

Answer 28

black slaves were not considered human, and had no rights to do anything for themselves.

Question 29

Magna Carta

Answer 29

The first document signed that limited the power of a government, and it gave legal rights to British nobles

Question 30

Articles of confederation

Answer 30

The first constitution that was used by the US

Question 31

Why the articles of confederation failed

Answer 31

It gave too much power to the states

Question 32

mayflower compact

Answer 32

The document signed by the pilgrims that established a form of government in the area.

Question 33

what hobbes believed

Answer 33

Government power should be harsh and centralized in order to control the naturally miserable people

Question 34

what locke believed

Answer 34

There should be a representative government that protects the right of the people. People are born good, but what they are exposed to corrupts them.

Question 35

what rousseau believed

Answer 35

there should be a democracy that maintains the life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness of the people. People are naturally fearful.

Question 36

what montesequieu believed

Answer 36

There should be a direct democracy that accurately represents the people. People are naturally born good, but they are corrupted by what they are exposed to.