benchmark 1 Flashcards
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Public goods
Goods that are provided for free by the government
private goods
Goods that are purchased from an entity, and are solely used by the person that purchased it
toll goods
Goods that are availible to everyone, but must be paid for
common goods
Goods that are free but are limited in supply
confederacy
When the state government has more power than the federal government
federalism
When government power is evenly divided between the federal and state governments
direct democracy
indirect democracy
parliamentary democracy/constitutional monarchy
direct democracy - a form of government in which citizens directly participate in government processes
indirect democracy - a form of government when citizens vote for representatives to participate in the government on their behalf
Parliamentary democracy - a democracy that has a monarch, prime minister, and parliament
totalitarianism
a form of government where no one has rights, and everything is controlled
monarchy
constitutional monarchy
autocracy
monarchy - a form of government in which one person has power
constitutional monarchy: a monarchy in which the monarch’s power is limited
autocracy - a monarchy in which the monarch’s power is unlimited
minority rights
Rights that the minority is entitled to (such as relgion, cultural rights) and must be protected no matter what
roles of the branches
legislative - to make laws
executive - enforcing laws & other responsibilities, such as delcaring war
judicial - decides if things are constitutional and solves disputes
unitary system
When the federal government has supreme authority
devolution
The process of decentralizing power from the federal government
rule of law
consent of the governed
limited government
individual rights
republicanism
rule of law - the idea that everyone is bound to the law
consent of the governed - the idea that people give the government power
limited government - the idea that the government doesn’t have unlimited power
indiviual rights - the rights that every human has
republicanism - a system in which people vote for representatives in government
popular sovereignty
separation of powers
checks and balances
popular sovereignty - the power to rule comes from the consent of the people
separation of powers - the separation of government power into branches
checks and balances - when each branch of government works to control and manage the power of other branches of government
1st ammendment
2nd ammendment
3rd ammendment
4th ammendment
5th ammendment
1st ammendment - the right to religion, speech, the press, petition, and assembly
2nd ammendment - the right to bear arms
3rd ammendment - soldiers do not have the right to live in your home
4th ammendment - protects from unreasonable searches and seizues
5th ammendment - miranda rights: the right to remain silent, a trial by jury, double jeopardy, due process, etc.
6th ammendment
7th ammendment
8th ammendment
9th ammendment
10th ammendment
6th: Gives rights to criminal defendants: speedy and public trial, impartial journey, confront jury, informed of charges against you, legal assistance
7th: the right to a trial by jury in civil cases (a dispute between 2 parties) when the value in question is over $20.
8th ammendment: protection from cruel and unusual punishment
9th: rights are not limited to those listed in the constitution
10th: power that isn’t given to the federal government is given to the states or the people
enlightenment
an intellectual movement of the 16 and 1700s in which philosophy centered around topics such as God, humanity, nature, etc.
politics
The process of gaining and exercising control within a
government for the purpose of setting and achieving particular goals.
roles of the government
Making laws, settle conflicts, protect the community, guide the community & plan for its future, make budgets, interact with other communities.
oligharchy
A form of government in which a group of people have power
ancient greek influences on US democracy
Democracy, citizenship, constituion, citizens made laws, rule of law, equal justice, city governments, civic participation, judges, juries
ancient roman influences on US democracy
Representative democracy/republicanism, bicameral legislature, senate, preliminary hearings (decision if there is enough evidence to continue the trial), magistrates, trials, republicanism, separation of powers, checks and balances, branches of gov, veto power, term limits.
magistrate
a judge
social contract
An agreement between the people and the government that they must obey in exchange for rewards, such as rights or protection.
unalienable rights
rights that can’t be taken away
bicameral legislature
When the legislature (law maker) is divided into 2 houses
an example about how not everyone had personal sovereignty
black slaves were not considered human, and had no rights to do anything for themselves.
Magna Carta
The first document signed that limited the power of a government, and it gave legal rights to British nobles
Articles of confederation
The first constitution that was used by the US
Why the articles of confederation failed
It gave too much power to the states
mayflower compact
The document signed by the pilgrims that established a form of government in the area.
what hobbes believed
Government power should be harsh and centralized in order to control the naturally miserable people
what locke believed
There should be a representative government that protects the right of the people. People are born good, but what they are exposed to corrupts them.
what rousseau believed
there should be a democracy that maintains the life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness of the people. People are naturally fearful.
what montesequieu believed
There should be a direct democracy that accurately represents the people. People are naturally born good, but they are corrupted by what they are exposed to.
