Biology Quiz 2 Flashcards
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Levels of human body organization
Specialized cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What is tissue?
Tissue is made of similar types of specialized cells that are bonded together to form a function.
4 Types of tissue:
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Epithelial tissue
Protective barrier that prevents harmful materials from entering and allowing them to leave.
Connective tissue
Tissue that connects and transports materials
Nervous tissue
Tissue that transports nerve impulses from one cell to another
Muscular tissue
Tissue that allows for motion and movement within the body
How many types of tissues can organs be consisted of?
Many
IMPORTANT - what is true about organs working together? Give an example.
Many organs rely on other organs to do their job, and many organ systems rely on other organ systems to perform the job.
What is homeostasis?
It’s the body’s ability to maintain a stable physical, internal, and chemical balance that sustains life.
What is negative feedback/feedback inhibition?
It’s the body’s ability to regulate homeostasis by responding to a stimulus.
What are the digestive/excretory systems?
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients and regulates water levels.
The excretory system closely works with the digestive system to remove solid, liquid, and gaseous waste from the body.
What is the integumentary system?
The integumentary system is composed of the parts outside your body, like the skin, hair, nails, and the associated glands. Its main function is it being a barrier between the outside world and the internal body, protecting the internal body
What is the respiratory/circulatory system?
The respiratory system supplies oxygen from outside the body to the Circulatory system. It consists of the nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi (branching airways), and lungs. The Circulatory system pumps blood, oxygen, and other stuff throughout the body. It consists of the heart and blood vessels (including arteries, veins, and capillaries)
What are the Muscular/skeletal systems?
The Muscular system is responsible for the voluntary and involuntary movements of different parts throughout the body. It consists of, well, all the muscles. The skeletal system provides internal support, protection of internal systems, mineral storage, and production of other cells. It consists of the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
What is the lymphatic system?
The Lymphatic system is what makes up most of the immune system. It’s composed of parts such as the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and other lymphoid tissues. They work together to protect you from pathogens and to keep a healthy balance of fluids.
What are the endocrine/reproductive systems?
The endocrine system produces hormones that cause homeostasis, growth/development, and metabolism. It consists of glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females), and testes (in males). The reproductive system is made of the reproductive organs in males & females produces gametes and protects & nourishes a developing embryo.
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system sends and receives messages throughout the body. It’s made of the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves.
What is important to know about the structure of cells?
The structure of cells is related to their function. For example, muscle cells are long and narrow so they can fit together to make coordinated movements. Plant root cells have a large surface area so they can absorb more water.
