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Studying > Biology Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Biology Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Life proceses

A

•Requires energy
•Grow
•Repair
•Reproduce
•Responds to environment
•Life span
•Produce waste
•Made of cell(s)

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2
Q

Cell theory

A

•All living things are made of cells
•Cell is the basic unit of life that can carry life processes
•Cells form from pre-existing cells

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3
Q

Prokaryote

A

No nucleus

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4
Q

Eukaryote

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

•Only one parent
•Offspring is identical to parent
•Binary fission

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6
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

•Produces offspring from 2 parents
•Genetic info from each parent

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7
Q

Repair

A

•Shed dead skin —> replaced

> Red blood cells replaced every 120 days
Stomach lining damaged by stomach acid every 3 days

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8
Q

Growth

A

•Does not simply increase in size
•Must have multiple cells

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9
Q

Why is growth important?

A

•Ineffecient not to
•Chemicals need to move in/out/through cell

*Size of cell limited by surface area to volume ratio (bigger = better)

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

Chemicals from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water through semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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12
Q

Cell cycle

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokenesis

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13
Q

Interphase

A

Cell completes normal functions

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14
Q

G1

A

Initial growth

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15
Q

Synthesis phase

A

DNA is copied

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16
Q

G2

A

•Adds extra cytoplasm/organelles
•Preps for cell division

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17
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell divides

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18
Q

Prophase

A

•Membrane begins to disappear
•centrosomes move towards poles
•spindle fibers begin to form
•strands of chromatin condense into chromosomes

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19
Q

Metaphase

A

Spindle fibers form in cytoplasm and push chromosomes towards middle

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20
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled apart into chromatid at centromere and are drawn to either end of cell

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21
Q

Telophase

A

•Membrane reforms
•Chromatid/daughter cells begin to uncoil

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22
Q

Cytokenesis

A

•Elongated cells are pinched apart into daughter cells (animal)
•DNA uncoils into chromatin

*Cell plate forms in plant cells

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23
Q

Metastasis

A

Cancerous cell breaks away and travels to different location

24
Q

Systems cancer metasis via

A

Lymphatic, circulatory

25
Q

Factors to determine cancer treatment

A

Progression, size, type

26
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Use of drugs or chemicals to treat cancer, generally when it’s in multiple locations

27
Q

Radiation

A

•Cause cell to stop replicating
•Slow their growth rate
•Shrink them
•Kill remaining cells after surgery

28
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two identical strands of DNA that make up chromosomes

29
Q

Chromosome

A

Structure in cell nucleus made up of a portion of cell’s DNA

30
Q

Centromere

A

Structure that holds chromatids together as chromosomes

31
Q

Centriole

A

Allows spindle fibers to form

32
Q

Chromatin

A

Package long DNA into compact structures

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

Generates chemical energy

34
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores water

35
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores DNA, command center

36
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces ribosomes

37
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Keeps organelles in place

38
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Maintains cell shape

39
Q

Chloroplast

A

Perform photosynthesis

40
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides structural support, semi-permeable surface

41
Q

Lysomes

A

Break down excess cell parts

42
Q

Ribosome

A

Produces protein

43
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Produces protein for other cells

44
Q

Golgi body

A

Processes proteins from ER and sorts for transport to eventual destinations

45
Q

X-ray

A

•Uses radiation to create image
•View parts of body (e.g. bones)

46
Q

CAT Scan

A

Takes multiple x-rays of body from different angles

Tumors, internal injury

47
Q

Ultrasound

A

Uses soundwaves to create an image

48
Q

MRI

A

•Uses radio waves and strong magnetic field to create an image more detailed than CAT
•3D
•Joint injuries

49
Q

PET scan

A

Made of tiny fiber optic cables to deliver tiny, light camera that sends image to screen

50
Q

Microscopy

A

Uses microscope to view things the eye can’t

51
Q

Apoptosis

A

DNA is damaged beyond repaired and destroyed

52
Q

When should a cell remain in interphase?

A

•Signals from other cells tell it not to replicate
•Not enough nutrients for cell growth
•DNA hasn’t replicated
•DNA has been damaged

53
Q

Benign tumor

A

Does not affect other tissue aside from crowding

54
Q

Malignant tumor

A

•Interferes with surrounding cells
•Can travel through blood vessels
•Cancerous

55
Q

Isotonic

A

Balance of concentration

56
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution has lower solute concentration than cell

57
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solution has higher solute concentration than cell

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