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Biology Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a population?

A

The number of a particular species living in a habitat

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2
Q

What is a community?

A

Lots of different populations living in a habitat

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The interaction of a community of living organisms with the non-living parts of their environment.

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4
Q

What do plants compete for?

A

Light
Space
Water and mineral ions from soil

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5
Q

What do animals compete for?

A

Food
Mates
Territory

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6
Q

What is interdependence?

A

When each species in a community rely on other species to survive

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7
Q

What are 4 examples of interdependence?

A

Pollination: Flowering plants rely on insects like bees/butterflies for pollination
Seed transport: Animals/birds may carry plants away from the parent plant to reduce competition
Food: Pandas rely on bamboo for food
Protection: Clown fish are protected from predators by the stinging tentacles of the anemone

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8
Q

What is a stable community?

A

One where all the species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes remain fairly constant

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9
Q

What is the process of populations in species?

A

More rabbits = too little grass to eat so population decreases and more for foxes to eat so fox population increases
More foxes = too little rabbits for all foxes to live so population decreases and enough food for rabbits, so population increases
Constantly changing

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10
Q

What is an abiotic factor?

A

A non-living factor

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11
Q

What is a biotic factor

A

A living factor

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12
Q

What are the examples of of non-living factors?

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Moisture levels
Soil pH and mineral content
Wind speed and direction
Carbon dioxide levels for plants
Oxygen levels for aquatic animals (living in water)

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13
Q

What are the examples of biotic factors?

A

New predators: Organisms might not be able to defend themselves
Low food availability: May be harder to survive and breed
New pathogens: Organisms may have no resistance to it
One species outcompeting the other: Numbers are no longer sufficient to breed

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of adaptions?

A

Behavioural
Structural
Functional

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15
Q

What is a behavioural adaption?

A

Actions an organism takes

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16
Q

What is a structural adaption?

A

How an organism is built

17
Q

What is a functional adaption?

A

How the organism works

18
Q

What are 2 examples of behavioural adaptions?

A

Migration and hibernation

19
Q

What are 3 examples of structural adaptions?

A

Webbed feet, thick bark to resist fire and cacti needle like leaves to reduce water loss

20
Q

What are 2 functional adaptions?

A

Produce poison and fast/slow metabolism

21
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

Organisms that are able to live and survive in extreme conditions

22
Q

What is an acidophile?

A

Organisms that love acidic conditions

23
Q

What is a hydrophilic?

A

Water loving organism

24
Q

What is a halophilic?

A

Salt loving organism

25
Q

What has to adapt for extremophiles to survive in their extreme conditions?

A

Enzymes

26
Q

What is a producer?

A

An organism that produces their own energy, glucose and oxygen to survive

27
Q

What are herbivores also known as?

A

Primary consumers (only eat plants)

28
Q

What are carnivores also known as?

A

Secondary/tertiary consumers (eat meat-primary consumers, etc)

29
Q

What do arrows in a food chain represent?

A

The direction of energy transfer

30
Q

What is a food chain/web?

A

A diagram that show the feeding relationships between organisms

31
Q

What is a predator?

A

An organism which hunts and kills their food (prey)

32
Q

What is an apex predator?

A

The consumer at the top of the food chain

33
Q

In the carbon cycle, how is carbon dioxide added into the atmosphere?

A

Combustion
Aerobic respiration
Decay of dead remains (decomposers respiring)

34
Q

In the carbon cycle, how is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis
Production of fossil fuels (decay without oxygen)
Formation of sedimentary rocks
Formation of calcium carbonate shells in the sea

35
Q

In the water cycle, how is water added to the atmosphere?

A

Transpiration and evaporation

36
Q

In the water cycle how is water removed from the atmosphere?

A

Precipitation and percolation (passing through the rocks)

37
Q
A

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