B4 Diseases Flashcards
Measles:
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Virus
Droplet Infection
Fever, red skin rash
Blindness, brain damage, fatal
N/A
MMR vaccine
None, isolation to stop spread, vaccine prevents cases
N/A
HIV/AIDs
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Virus
Sexual contact, exchange of bodily fluids (blood), breast milk
Initially flu like symptoms, virus attacks immune cells and remains hidden in the immune system, damaging it, this prevents the person dealing with infections, can be fatal
N/A
Can reduce effectiveness of immune system, so at higher risk of infections
Use condoms, don’t share needles
No cure, but using antiretroviral medication increases life expectancy
N/A
Athletes Foot
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Fungal
N/A
Scaly rash, which causes itching/burning
Sweaty feet in tight fitting shoes
N/A
N/A
Antifungal medication
N/A
Fungal Endocarditis
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Fungal
N/A
Can be fatal, fever, sweats, fatigue, changing heart murmur
Fungal reaches the heart through the bloodstream
N/A
N/A
Heart valves may need to be replaced, antifungal medication
Intravenous drug user, history of heart surgery, HIV, central venous catheter fitted
Salmonella
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Bacteria
Eating undercooked/contaminated chicken/egg products
Begin 8-72hrs later, cramps. diarrhoea, vomiting
Young/elderly can be fatal due to dehydration, malnourished can be fatal
In UK, poultry are vaccinated, food hygiene, make sure food is fully cooked
No antibiotics are given, rest
N/A
Gonorrhoea
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Bacteria
Unprotected sexual contact
Thick yellow/green discharge from vagina/penis, pain when urinating, sometimes no symptoms (10% men/50% women)
N/A
Long term pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, babies born to infected mothers can have severe eye infections/blind
Using a barrier method (contraception), reduce number of sexual partners, sexual health checks
Antibiotics, but some strains are becoming resistant to antibiotics
N/A
Malaria
Pathogen type
Spread
Symptoms
Causes
Complications
Prevention
Treatment
Risk Factors
Protist
Female mosquitos need to have two meals of blood before laying eggs, protist gets into bloodstream
Liver + RBCs damaged, fever + shaking occurs, can be fatal, slowly get weaker
N/A
Liver disease + fluid in lungs
Insecticide, nets, remove mosquito breeding grounds, antimalarial drugs if travelling
Diagnosed quickly can be treated, not readily available in countries with malaria
N/A
