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Science - 9E > Biology - Midterm Review > Flashcards

Biology - Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called ___

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

A scientific THEORY is ___

A

A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

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3
Q

The term spontaneous generations means that ___

A

Living things can arise from nonliving matter

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4
Q

An inference is ___

A

A logical interpretation of an observation

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5
Q

What best describes adaptation?

A

Inherited changes in response to environmental factors

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6
Q

What is true about scientific INQUIRY

A

It is testable

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7
Q

Which SI base unit would be used to describe the physical characteristics of a horse?
Yards, pints, kilograms, or hours

A

Kilograms

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8
Q

A TESTABLE explanation

A

Hypothesis

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9
Q

What is always true of a CONTROLLED experiment?

A

Only one variable is tested at a time

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10
Q

A control group is ___

A

The group that is not exposed to the variable being tested

Used for comparison

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11
Q

The field that applies science to crime investigation is called ___

A

Forensics

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12
Q

A process called ___ allows scientists to evaluate the results of research done by other scientists

A

Peer review

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13
Q

Why is the metric system important in scientific research?

A

It allows scientists to repeat past research using same measurements

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14
Q

What is the purpose for a control group in an experiment?

A

Comparison

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15
Q

What is the 1 unique characteristic of all life as we know it

A

Cellular in nature

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16
Q

We covered 8 different characteristics of life in class. Other than the 1 unique characteristic of life, identify 4 additional characteristics of life that were discussed

A 
Maintains homeostasis
Organized
Grows/Develops
Reproduces
Responds
Uses energy
Adapts
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17
Q

Which scientist finally disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?

A

Pasteur

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18
Q

What is the very first steep of the scientific method?

A

Make an observation

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19
Q

What is the difference between GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT

A

Growth is only an increase in size, usually including the formation of new cells.
Development is a series of natural changes that occur gradually over an organism’s lifetime

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20
Q

What is 1 of the 3 goals of science as discussed in class?

A

To provide a natural explanation for observations in nature.
To understand the patterns seen in nature.
To make useful predictions about natural events.

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21
Q

Place the steps of the scientific method in order

A 
Make an observation
Ask a question
Investigate (In a library or Online)
Create a hypothesis
Create and conduct an experiment
Analyze the results
Come to a conclusion
Report results
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22
Q

During the discussion of the definition of life, what was the one grouping of disease-causing structures that continues to provide for debate between living and non-living?

A

Viruses

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23
Q

NASA’s definition of life, and the reason why it doesn’t work

A

“Capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution”

Some things can’t breed for whatever reason, and if they can’t breed, they can’t evolve, yet they are obviously still living

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24
Q

The bioethics reading that was assigned dealt with the problem of an individual who wanted to run in the Olympic games. Sum up the controversy in 1 or 2 sentences.

A

Oscar Pistorius runs on blades called cheetahs. He wants to compete in the Olympics, but some people believe that running on Cheetahs is unfair. The cheetahs give Oscar several advantages and disadvantages, and some people believe that he has an unfair advantage over runners who must compete on their own 2 legs.

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25
Q

Adaptation

A

Inherited response to an environmental factor

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26
Q

Theory

A

Well-tested explanation

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27
Q

Response

A

Reaction to a stimulus

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28
Q

Observation

A

Gathering of information using the senses

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29
Q

Data

A

Information gained from experiments

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30
Q

Serendipity

A

Occurrence of accidental but fortunate outcomes

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31
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable educated guess

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32
Q

Stimulus

A

Something that results in a reaction

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33
Q

A scientific theory is ___

A

A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

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34
Q

An inference is ___

A

A logical interpretation of an observation

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35
Q

The term spontaneous generation means that ___

A

Living things can arise from nonliving matter

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36
Q

What is always true about a controlled experiment?

A

Only one variable is tested at a time

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37
Q

Science is ___

A

A method of gathering and analyzing evidence of the natural world

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38
Q

What is the very first step of the scientific method?

A

Make an observation

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39
Q

What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment?

A

Comparison

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40
Q

What is a one word description of definition of “dependent variable?”

A

Results

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41
Q

Which scientist finally disproved the idea of spontaneous generation?

A

Pasteur

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42
Q

Name one other scientist who worked to try and disprove spontaneous generation

A

Redi

Spallanzani

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43
Q

When the pH of a solution is changed from 6 to 10, what change was made?

A

Acid to base

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44
Q

An IONIC bond forms when 2 atoms combine by gaining or losing ___

A

Electrons

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45
Q

The nucleus of an atom contains ___

A

Neutrons and protons

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46
Q 
\_\_Complete_the_Table\_\_
Atomic #       I  11  I  (4)  I  (7)  I
Proton #        I  (1)  I  15  I  (8)  I
Neutron #      I  (2)  I  16  I  (9)  I
Electron #      I  (3)  I  (5)  I   1  I
Atomic Mass I  23  I  (6)  I   1  I
A

1) 11 6) 31
2) 12 7) 1
3) 11 8) 1
4) 15 9) 0
5) 15

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47
Q

What are the 3 pieces of information found on the periodic table for each element?

A

Atomic #
Atomic Mass
Atomic Symbol

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48
Q

Name 2 of the properties of water that are produced due to hydrogen bonding of the water molecules

A

Surface tension (Cohesion)
Adhesion
High Heat Capacity

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49
Q

When the pH of a solution is changed from 10 to 6, what change was made?

A

Base to acid

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50
Q

The nucleus of an atom contains ___

A

Protons and neutrons

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51
Q

A covalent bond forms when 2 atoms combine by SHARING ___

A

Electrons

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52
Q

Each element is made up of only 1 kind of ___

A

Atom

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53
Q

Which process changes a chlorine ATOM into a chlorine ION?

A

Electron gain

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54
Q

How do the isotopes of hydrogen differ?

A

The number of neutrons

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55
Q

PURE water traits

A

Neutral pH of 7.0
Composed of polar molecules
It is a good solvent

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56
Q

A substance that INCREASES the concentration or amount of hydrogen ions in a solution is called a ___

A

Acid

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57
Q

The ability of water molecules to hydrogen bond with other, different molecules is referred to as ___

A

Adhesion

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58
Q

An IONIC bond is formed when 2 atoms ___

A

Give up or receive valence electrons

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59
Q 
\_\_Complete_the_Table\_\_
Atomic #       I  4  I  (4)  I (7) I
Proton #        I (1) I  26  I (8) I
Neutron #      I (2) I  30  I (9) I
Electron #      I (3) I  (5)  I  1  I
Atomic Mass I  9  I  (6)  I  1  I
A

1) 4 6) 56
2) 5 7) 1
3) 4 8) 1
4) 26 9) 0
5) 26

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60
Q

What are 3 pieces of information found on the periodic table for each element? Explain what each one is or means as it applies to the element

A

Atomic # = Number of protons in the atom
Atomic mass = Protons + neutrons in the atom. The average of the atom’s isotopes
Atomic symbol = Shorthand for atom’s name

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61
Q

What is the role, or job, of a buffer?

A

Compound that prevent rapid, major changes in the pH of a system

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62
Q

What is the definition of matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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63
Q

Explain the difference between SOLVENT and SOLUTE. You may use the definitions of each as your explanation

A

The solvent has the solute dissolved in it.

The solute is dissolved in the solvent.

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64
Q

What does the pH scale actually measure?

A

Acidity

Acid vs base

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65
Q

Give the range of the pH scale. Indicate where the acids would be found, where the bases would be found, and what is considered to be neutral.

A

Range = 0 - 14
Range of acids = 0 -7
Range of bases = 7 - 14
Neutral = 7

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66
Q

Rank the 3 main types of bonds from STRONGEST to WEAKEST

A

Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen

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67
Q

Give examples of water’s 3 properties

A

Cohesion = Surface tension
Adhesion = Capillary tube
High heat capacity = In Florida, the water is cooler than the air

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68
Q

Know how to do metric conversions

A

.

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69
Q

Lipids are called high-energy nutrients because they ___

A

Yield a large amount of energy per gram

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70
Q

Which of the life substance groupings includes fats, oils, and waxes?

A

Lipids

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71
Q

Which of the life substance groupings stores information in the form of a code?

A

Nucleic acids

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72
Q

The role of an enzyme is to ___

A

Control reactions

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73
Q

Life substances made of chains of amino acids are called ___

A

Proteins

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74
Q

In a chemical reaction, a reactant binds to an enzyme at a region known as the ___

A

Active site

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75
Q

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by ___

A

Lowering the activation energy

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76
Q

A nucleotide is composed of ___

A

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

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77
Q

Name a non-organic compound

A

Water

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78
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Structure and to control reactions

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79
Q

Functions of lipids

A

Energy storage and insulation

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80
Q

Functions of carbohydrates

A

Structure and energy storage

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81
Q

Functions of nucleic acids

A

Information storage

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82
Q

What monomer are nucleic acids made up of?

A

Nucleotides

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83
Q

What monomers are lipids made up of?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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84
Q

What monomer are proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids

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85
Q

What monomer are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Monosaccharides

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86
Q

What is the key indication that a chemical reaction has occurred?

A

A change in energy, because ALL reactions involve energy. They can be endothermic or exothermic reactions

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87
Q

What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA has 2 strands, while RNA has only 1 strand.
DNA contains T, while RNA contains U.
They also have different sugars

88
Q

What does denaturation do? What 2 things cause denaturation of a compound?

A

Denaturation completely changes the compound’s structure and keeps it from working
Changes in pH or temperature can cause denaturation

89
Q

What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals called?

A

Glycogen

90
Q

What form of carbohydrates in animals has a structural role, not an energy role?

A

Chitin

91
Q

What is the bond specifically called that joins 2 amino acids together?

A

Peptide bonds

92
Q

What is meant when we state that a particular reaction is an exothermic reaction?

A

The reaction gives off / releases energy

93
Q

When we either join monomers together to make polymers, or we break polymers apart into their monomers, one chemical compound is always involved. What is this chemical compound?

A

Water

94
Q

The primary structural level of proteins deals specifically with what aspect of the protein

A

The sequence of amino acids

95
Q

The secondary structural level of proteins is created specifically by what type of chemical bond?

A

Hydrogen bonds

96
Q

What is myelin? Where is it found in the human body?

A

Myelin is a lipid

It’s found in the nerves

97
Q

Provide a basic diagram of a simple amino acid

A 
H            ℗            O
\            |            //
N ------ C -------C
/            |             \
H            H            OH
98
Q

What is one way to determine by the name of the compound whether or not it is a sugar?

A

The ending -ose indicates a sugar (or saccharide)

Ex: Glucose

99
Q

Steroids and hormones are usually considered as examples of which organic compound grouping?

A

Lipids

100
Q

What are the 2 structure form names found in the secondary structure level of proteins?

A

Alpha (Slinky shaped)

Beta (Up-down zig-zag shape)

101
Q

What makes the quaternary structure of proteins different from the other 3 structures of proteins?

A

It has to do with the multiple proteins interacting

102
Q

Briefly explain how a competitive inhibitor works in controlling enzyme activity. How does it accomplish this control?

A

The competitive inhibitor is REVERSIBLE. It “competes” with the substrate for the enzyme. It is similar enough to the enzyme that it can bond to and block the enzyme’s active site

103
Q

What is the general name given to a chemical compound that irreversibly bonds to a protein and thereby inactivates it. In other words, it permanently stops enzyme activity

A

Metabolic poison
It bonds to the enzyme and “kills” it
It is permanent

104
Q

There is 1 specific organic compound that was studied in class and it was indicated that without this 1 specific compound, life as we know it could not even exist. What is the name of this specific compound?

A

Phospholipid

105
Q

What did Chargaff do?

A

Found that concentrations of purines and pyrimidines were identical throughout the same DNA strand (A = T and C = G)

106
Q

What did Watson do?

A

Helped determine the final double helix structure of DNA

107
Q

What did Franklin do?

A

Discovered the general helix structure of DNA

108
Q

The structure that serves as a boundary between a cell and its external environment is the ___

A

Cell membrane

109
Q

The material that fills the cell and contains the organelles is called the ___

A

Cytoplasm

110
Q

Cell membranes are constructed mainly of ___

A

Phospholipid bilayers

111
Q

Define the term prokaryote. In other words, what makes a prokaryote a prokaryote?

A

Prokaryotes don’t have membrane-bound organelles
They have no definite nucleus, although they still contain DNA
Bacteria are the only prokaryotes

112
Q

What are the 3 statements contained in the Cell Theory?

A

1) All living things are composed of cells
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3) Cells only come from pre-existing cells

113
Q

What scientist named the cell?

A

Hooke discovered the cell

114
Q

Name 2 of the 3 problems that we discussed concerning microscopes

A

1) Magnification
2) Resolution
3) Contrast

115
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Controls cell division

116
Q

What is a nucleolus?

A

Site of ribosome construction

117
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

118
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Transport system within the cell

119
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Control center of the cell

120
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Digests food and recycles worn-out parts

121
Q

What do vacuoles do?

A

Store food, water, or waste

122
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Site of energy production for the cell

123
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do?

A

Receives, sorts, and packages material for the cell

124
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Site of protein production

125
Q

Cell division is aided by the function of the ___

A

Centrioles

126
Q

The rough ER has ___ attached to it

A

Ribosomes

127
Q

The process in which a cell surround and takes in food from its environment is called ___

A

Phagocytosis

128
Q

The ___ is a rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells

A

Cell wall

129
Q

Which organelle in the cell carries out the function of recycling waste?

A

Lysosomes

130
Q

What are the main ideas of the cell theory?

A

All organisms are composed of cells
The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells

131
Q

All living things are made up of

A

Cells

132
Q

A good example of a hypotonic solution would be ___

A

Tap water

133
Q

Which organelles have a double membrane

A

Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria

134
Q

___ are organelles in which food molecules are broken down to release energy

A

Mitochondria

135
Q

The structure that serves as a boundary between a cell and its external environment is the ___

A

Cell membrane

136
Q

The material that fills the cell and contains the organelle is called the ___

A

Cytoplasm

137
Q

Cell membranes are constructed mainly of ___

A

Phospholipid bilayers

138
Q

Short, hair-like projections of the plasma membrane are called ___

A

Cilia

139
Q

The net movement of substances across cell membranes across cell membranes without additional energy is ___

A

Passive transport

140
Q

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

141
Q

___ convert LIGHT energy into chemical energy and store it in food molecules

A

Chloroplasts

142
Q

A ___ solution is a solution in which the concentration of water is higher in the solution than the concentration inside the cell

A

Hypotonic

143
Q

What structure is within the nucleus?

A

Nucleolus

144
Q

The ___ is a round organelle that contains digestive enzymes

A

Lysosome

145
Q

An organelle that packages and ships proteins made by the cell is the ___

A

Golgi body

146
Q

___ are long, whip-like projection from the cell membrane

A

Flagella

147
Q

The organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell is the ___

A

Nucleus

148
Q

What are the 2 requirements for diffusion to be called osmosis?

A

It must involve water, and it must pass through a semi-permeable membrane

149
Q

What is the name given to the point at which diffusion stops, but the molecules continue to move?

A

Dynamic equilibrium

150
Q

What are the 3 statements contained in the Cell Theory?

A

1) All living things are composed of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure + function in living things
3) Cells only come from pre-existing cells

151
Q

Who were the 3 scientists who developed the Cell Theory?

A

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

152
Q

An animal cell is placed into an unknown solution. It begins to gain weight. What type of solution was the cell placed into?

A

The solution is hypotonic to the cell

153
Q

An animal cell is placed into an unknown solution. It begins to gain weight. Where is the water concentration highest - inside or outside of the cell?

A

The water concentration is highest in the solution, outside of the cell

154
Q

An animal cell is placed into an unknown solution. It begins to gain weight. What is the scientific term for the end result of the cell in this solution?

A

Dynamic equilibrium OR lysis.
The cell could reach dynamic equilibrium, but unless the cell reaches dynamic equilibrium before it reaches a certain size, it will explode. This cell rupture is called lysis.

155
Q

An animal cell is placed into an unknown solution. It does not change. What type of solution was the cell placed into?

A

The solution must be isotonic, or the cell would have a change in weight

156
Q

An animal cell is placed into an unknown solution. It does not change. Where is the water concentration highest - inside or outside of the cell?

A

The water concentration is EQUAL, inside and outside the cell

157
Q

Discuss the 3 problems of microscopy, making sure to explain the problem and give the solution for each problem.

A

1) Magnification
We keep finding smaller objects to look at, and we can examine them and learn more about them without being able to see them. We change lenses to solve this issue.
2) Resolution
We don’t want blurry images where you can’t tell what you’re looking at. We use different wavelengths to illuminate the picture to solve this issue.
3) Contrast
You want to be able to locate something, and not have 2 images blend together. We use stains to solve this issue.

158
Q

Why is it that a single cell when placed into a hypotonic solution will rapidly die, while an organisms such as a saltwater fish can survive for several days in a freshwater stream?

A

A single cell can’t remain long in a hypotonic solution without undergoing lysis.
A larger organism has pumps and organs that would keep the water out of the cells for a while.

159
Q

An individual is brought in with severe dehydration. To counteract this, the doctor on call begins to drip distilled water into the veins. This procedure succeeds in making the blood plasma ___-tonic to the blood cells

A

Hypo

160
Q

An individual is brought in with severe dehydration. To counteract this, the doctor on call begins to drip distilled water into the veins. As a result of this, the blood cells will begin to do what?

A

Swell

161
Q

An individual is brought in with severe dehydration. To counteract this, the doctor on call begins to drip distilled water into the veins. The term used to describe the effect on the cells is ___

A

Lysis

162
Q

Side A and side B are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that allows all molecules to pass through. Side A contains 1.5 M sucrose, 1.5 M starch, and 1.5 M glucose. Side B contains 2.5 M sucrose and 1.5 M starch. Side A is ___-tonic to side B.

A

Hyper

163
Q

Side A and side B are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that allows all molecules to pass through. Side A contains 1.5 M sucrose, 1.5 M starch, and 1.5 M glucose. Side B contains 2.5 M sucrose and 1.5 M starch. Which side has the lower water concentration?

A

Side A has a lower water concentration

164
Q

Side A and side B are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that allows all molecules to pass through. Side A contains 1.5 M sucrose, 1.5 M starch, and 1.5 M glucose. Side B contains 2.5 M sucrose and 1.5 M starch. Once equilibrium is reached, what will have moved, and where?

A

Sucrose will have diffused from Side B to Side A.
Starch won’t have diffused.
Glucose will have diffused from Side A to Side B.
Water will have diffused from Side B to Side A.

165
Q

The actual division of the eukaryotic cell occurs in the process called ___

A

Cytokinesis

166
Q

The nuclear membrane disappears during ___

A

Prophase

167
Q

The stage during which the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is called ___

A

Metaphase

168
Q

In mitosis, the separation of daughter chromatids occurs during ___

A

Anaphase

169
Q

Microtubules begin to form a spindle during ___

A

Prophase

170
Q

The spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at the structure called the ___

A

Centromere

171
Q

Place the stages of mitosis in the correct order.

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

172
Q

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

DNA is duplicated

173
Q

What happens during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

A

The cell stockpiles organelles and microtubules

174
Q

Interphase is actually composed of what phases of the cell cycle?

A

G1, S, and G2

175
Q

The actual division of the eukaryotic cell occurs in the process called ___

A

Cytokinesis

176
Q

The nuclear membrane disappears during ___

A

Prophase

177
Q

In the stage of mitosis called ___, the chromosomes arrive at the opposite end of the cell and the spindle fibers disappear

A

Telophase

178
Q

The stage during which the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is called ___

A

Metaphase

179
Q

In mitosis, the separation of daughter chromatids occurs during ___

A

Anaphase

180
Q

Microtubules begin to form a spindle during ___

A

Prophase

181
Q

The spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at the structure called the ___

A

Centromere

182
Q

As a cell’s volume increases, what happens to the proportional amount of surface area?

A

It decreases

183
Q

The cancer drug vinblastin interferes with the synthesis of microtubules. In mitosis this would interfere with what?

A

Spindle formation

184
Q

Why have some stem cell researchers experienced roadblocks in their studies?

A

There are ethical concerns about obtaining stem cells

185
Q

What describes apoptosis?

A

A programmed cell death

186
Q

The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell depends on the cell’s ___

A

Surface area

187
Q

In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell must first ___

A

Duplicate its genetic information

188
Q

Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the ___

A

Centromere

189
Q

If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis?

A

12 each

190
Q

In plant cells, what forms midway between the divided nuclei during cytokinesis?

A

Cell plate

191
Q

The control of the process of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is controlled by a group of closely related proteins known as ___

A

Cyclins

192
Q

Bone marrow cells that produce blood cells are best categorized as ___

A

Adult stem cells

193
Q

Cell furrow

A

A furrow that forms in the cell membrane of animal cells during cytokinesis. It tightens between the 2 nuclei to divide the cell

194
Q

Apoptosis

A

A programmed cell death or cell suicide

195
Q

Carcinogen

A

A chemical compound that causes cancer

196
Q

Cancer

A

An abnormal cell mutation that reproduces rapidly and can kill organisms as it takes over an area

197
Q

Chromatin

A

The relaxed form of genetic material in the cell

198
Q

List the stages of the cell cycle in order and explain what happens in each stage.

A

1) Interphase = the cell grows and prepares for mitosis.
◊ G1 = the cell grows
◊ S = the cell replicates DNA
◊ G2 = the cell reproduces organelles + microtubules and prepares for division
2) Mitosis = nuclear division in the cell
◊ Prophase = chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle begins forming
◊ Metaphase = Spindle is fully formed, chromosomes line up on equatorial plane
◊ Anaphase = Spindle fibers shorten, sister chromatids break apart + move towards poles
◊ Telophase = Nuclear membrane reforms, spindle breaks down, chromosomes decondense
3) Cytokinesis = Cleavage furrow/cell plate forms + divides cell into 2 new daughter cells

199
Q

Know what the different phases of the cell cycle look like

A

.

200
Q

Calculate the ratio of surface are to volume of an imaginary cubic cell measuring 4 mm long on each side

A

3/2

201
Q

Some cells have several nuclei within their cytoplasm. Considering the events in a typical cell cycle, which phase of the cell cycle is not operating when such cells form?

A

Cytokinesis

202
Q

How do cancer cells differ from noncancerous cells? How are they similar?

A

There are multiple types of cancer cells and multiple types of regular cells. Both also go through the cell cycle. Cancer cells divide too rapidly however, and they can take over and form tumors.

203
Q

Explain why careful regulation of the cell cycle is important to multicellular organisms

A

Regulation of the cell cycle is important, because if anything goes wrong, a cancer cell could form. The cancer would take over and kill the organism. Cell cycle regulation can help prevent cancer from ever forming.

204
Q

How many chromosomes does a gamete have compared with that of a body cell?

A

Half

205
Q

When an area of a chromatid that breaks is exchanged with the matching area of a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, it is called ___

A

Crossing over

206
Q

Things true of haploid cells

A

The chromosomes are not paired.
It is represented by the symbol N.
The condition is created by meiosis.

207
Q

Single chromosomes line up in the center of the cell in ___ of meiosis

A

Metaphase II

208
Q

Single chromosomes condense in ___ of meiosis

A

Prophase II

209
Q

Chromosome pairs separate in ___ of meiosis

A

Anaphase I

210
Q

Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell in ___ of meiosis

A

Metaphase I

211
Q

Chromosome pairs condense and the membrane of the nucleus disappears in ___ of meiosis

A

Prophase I

212
Q

Centromeres separate in ___ of meiosis

A

Anaphase II

213
Q

Karyotype

A

An image of all the chromosomes, sorted into homologous pairs

214
Q

Fertilization

A

When 2 sex cells, sperm and egg, come together to produce a zygote

215
Q

Diploid

A

A 2n cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes

Science - 9E (4 decks)

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