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Science - 9E > Biology - Chapter 7 Study Guide > Flashcards

Biology - Chapter 7 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

2 things all microscopes have

A

magnifying lenses

light source

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2
Q

when was microscope invented

A

late 1500’s

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3
Q

who was robert hooke

A

looked at cork
discovered cell
named cell

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4
Q

who named cell

A

robert hooke

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5
Q

who was leeuwenhoek

A

took scrapings from mouth

saw and named animalcules

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6
Q

who discovered animalcules

A

leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

when were animalcules discovered

A

1670s

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8
Q

when were cells named

A

1860s

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9
Q

who were schleiden, schwann, and virchow

A

discovered cell theory

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10
Q

who discovered cell theory

A

schleiden, schwann, and virchow

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11
Q

when was cell theory discovered

A

late 1800s

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12
Q

3 parts of cell theory

A

all life is composed of cells
the cell is the basic unit of structure and function
all cells only come from preexisting cells

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13
Q

what is spontaneous abiogenesis

A

one cell appeared and all life came from it

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14
Q

difference between spontaneous abiogenesis and spontaneous generation

A 
sa = once, never happened again
sg = happens often
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15
Q

3 microscope problems

A

magnification
resolution
contrast

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16
Q

cure for magnification

A

change lenses

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17
Q

cure for resolution

A

change wavelength

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18
Q

cure for contrast

A

use stains

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19
Q

cell membrane use

A

holds cell together
controls entry/exit
isolates cell from environment
allows cellular interactions

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20
Q

makes up cell membrane

A

phospholipid

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21
Q

cytoplasm function

A

holds organelles

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22
Q

organelle function

A

specific functions

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23
Q

2 cell types

A

eukaryote

prokaryote

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24
Q

eukaryote

A

membrane

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25
Q

prokaryote

A

non-membrane

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26
Q

nucleus function

A

control center

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27
Q

nucleus made of

what thats made of

A 
nucleus = chromatin
chromatin = DNA + protein
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28
Q

nucleolus function

A

ribosome production center

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29
Q

ribosome function

A

protein production center

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30
Q

ribosome location

A

stuck on rough ER

also loose in cytoplasm

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31
Q

ER

A

Transport system

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32
Q

rough ER function

A

transport proteins

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33
Q

smooth ER

A

produces phospholipid

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34
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

receives, sorts, packages, re-sends
post office
creates lysosomes

35
Q

lysosome function

A

stomach of cell
digest food and used-up organelles
recycle
cell suicide (apoptosis)

36
Q

vacuole function

A

store food, water, OR waste

37
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse

converts other energy into ATP

38
Q

usable energy form

39
Q

chloroplast function

A

photosynthesis

40
Q

chloroplast location

A

only plant

41
Q

living batteries

A

mitochondria + chloroplast

double membrane

42
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

not organelle

support + strength

43
Q

make up cytoskeleton

A

microfiliment + microtubules

44
Q

microfiliment function

A

gives net-like support to other organelles

45
Q

microtubule function

A

support, strength, stability, structure

46
Q

centriole function

A

function + coordinate cell division

47
Q

make up centriole

A

microtubules
9 groups of triplets
no membrane

48
Q

centriole location

A

near nucleus

49
Q

cell wall function

A

strength + support

50
Q

cell wall location

A

plant cells only

51
Q

4 parts of cell wall

A 
(Inside to outside)
cell membrane
secondary wall
primary membrane
middle lamella (glue between cells)
52
Q

make up middle lamella

53
Q

2 types of movement

A

passive + active transport

54
Q

passive

A

no effort/energy required

55
Q

simplest form of passive transport

A

diffusion

particles move from high to low concentration

56
Q

Brownian Motion

A

constant particle movement

57
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium

A

when all particles are equal + stop diffusing

58
Q

does motion stop

A

NO

diffusion stops, molecular motion doesn’t

59
Q

what makes osmosis different

A

water

semi-permeable membrane

60
Q

is evaporation osmosis

61
Q

semi-permeable membrane

A

only certain things can get through

other things are held back

62
Q

3 types of solutions

A

Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic

63
Q

Definition of hypotonic

A

more water THAN other thing

more solvent, less solute

64
Q

Definition of hypertonic

A

less water THAN other thing

65
Q

Definition of isotonic

A

same amount of water in both

66
Q

which way does water flow in an isotonic solution

A

both ways due to dynamic equilibrium and brownian motion

67
Q

why don’t our cells explode when we go in the water

A

active transport

pumps

68
Q

lysis

A

cell rupture

animal cell

69
Q

cell rupture

70
Q

turgor

A

cell completely filled with water, but can’t explode

Plant cell

71
Q

plant cell full of water

72
Q

Crenation

A

shrink
due to lack of water
animal cell

73
Q

Shrinking animal cell

74
Q

plasmosis

A

shrink
pulls away from cell wall
plant cell

75
Q

shrink + pull away from cell wall

76
Q

active transport

A

requires energy

particles move in wrong direction

77
Q

pumps

A

counter diffusion

78
Q

how are pumps like active sites

A

specialized for only specific ions

79
Q

3 ways to move large things through membrane

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis

80
Q

phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”
outside to inside
goes out to get it
membrane fuses around it + creates a vacuole around it

81
Q

pseudopodia

A

fake feet

used in phagocytosis

82
Q

pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”
outside to inside
sucks in food
membrane fuses + creates vacuole around it

83
Q

2 forms of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
outside to inside

84
Q

exocytosis

A

one form
inside to outside
reverse of pinocytosis
vacuole releases food outside membrane

Science - 9E (4 decks)

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