BIOLOGY | Lesson 3 | The Cell Membrane and Transport

Question 1

What is the main role of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

• Maintains equilibrium balance inside the cell
• Protective barrier

Question 2

What are the four main points of the “particle model of matter”

Answer 2

1. All matter is made of particles
2. Particles are always moving
3. Particles are always attracted to one another or bonded together
4. Particles have space between them

Question 3

What makes up the cell membrane?

Answer 3

• Phosphates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Sugars

Question 4

In the cell membrane, what can move through the phosphates?

Answer 4

Extremely small particles

Question 5

In the cell membrane, what can move through the lipids?

Answer 5

Sugars and nutrients

Question 6

In the cell membrane, what can move through the proteins?

Answer 6

Water, oxygen, other gases, etc.

Question 7

What are the five ways a cell can transport material?

Answer 7

• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport
• Endocytosis/exocytosis

Question 8

Definition of:
Diffusion

Answer 8

The natural movement of particles (mainly gases) from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 9

Definition of:
Osmosis

Answer 9

The natural movement of water across the cell membrane

Question 10

Definition of:
Hypertonic Osmosis

Answer 10

A form of osmosis where water leaves the cell due to having a lower amount of solutes than its environment

Question 11

Definition of:
Hypotonic Osmosis

Answer 11

A form of osmosis where water enters the cell due to having a higher amount of solutes than its environment

Question 12

Definition of:
Isotonic Osmosis

Answer 12

A term defining the lack of osmosis (solute amount is balanced)

Question 13

Definition of:
Facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

A form of passive transport where proteins are used to move substances across the cell membrane’s concentration gradient

Question 14

Definition of:
Channel Proteins

Answer 14

Proteins that create pores/channels in the membrane that water-soluble particles can move theough

Question 15

Definition of:
Carrier proteins

Answer 15

Proteins that attach to larger particles to pull the across the membrane

Question 16

Definition of:
Active transport (the form of transportation)

Answer 16

Transportation of particles through the cell membrane that requires energy

Question 17

What kind of energy is required for active transport?

Answer 17

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 18

Where does ATP come from (what organelle)?

Answer 18

The mitochondria

Question 19

Definition of:
Endocytosis

Answer 19

The process of the cell membrane folding around particles, forming a vesicle and “absorbing” the particle

Question 20

Definition of:
Exocytosis

Answer 20

A vesicle holding particles fuses to the cell membrane, the ruptures and releases the materials