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Biology Semester 2 > Biology Human Body Flashcards > Flashcards

Biology Human Body Flashcards

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0
Q

How are neurons classified?

A

The direction in which an impulse travlels

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1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

To control and coordinate functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli.

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2
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

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3
Q

Which neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands?

A

Motor neurons

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4
Q

Which neurons carry impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

A

Sensory neurons

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5
Q

Which neurons connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them?

A

Interneurons

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6
Q

What us the largest part of a typical neuron?

A

Cell body

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7
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

A

An insulating membrane surrounding some neurons

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8
Q

What portion of the neuron contains the nucleus?

A

Cell body

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9
Q

What branch-shaped part of the neuron carries impulses from the environment to the cell body?

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

What is the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body?

A

Axon

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11
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell

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12
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell

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13
Q

What is the function of the central nervous system?

A

Relays messages, processes information, and gather information

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14
Q

What organs make up the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

What part of the brain coordinates and balances the actions of muscles?

A

Cerebellum

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16
Q

What part of the brain regulates the flow of information between the brain and the rest of the body?

A

Brain stem

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17
Q

What part of the brain controls voluntary activities of the body?

A

Cerebrum

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18
Q

What part of the brain controls hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature?

A

Brain stem

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19
Q

What part of the brain receives and relays messages from the sense organs?

A

Thalamus

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20
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

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21
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Nerves

22
Q

What is the main organ of the integumentary system?

A

The skin

23
Q

What are the two layers of the skin? Which layer is composed of dead cells?

A

Epidermis and dermis; epidermis

24
Q

What is the basic structure of human hair and nails?

A

Keratin

25
Q

Why do large organisms require a circulatory system?

A

The cells of larger organisms are not in direct contact with the environment, and substances may need to be transported.

26
Q

What three organs does the circulatory system contain?

A

Blood, blood vessels, and the heart

27
Q

What defines a closed circulatory system?

A

Blood is within a system of vessels

28
Q

What is the upper chamber of the heart?

A

Atrium

29
Q

What is the lower chamber of the heart?

A

The ventricle

30
Q

That is the thick layer of muscle in the walls of the heart?

A

Myocardium

31
Q

What is the sac of tissue that encloses and protects the heart?

A

Pericardium

32
Q

How many pumps does the heart function as?

A

2

33
Q

Describe the path that blood takes, starting in the right atrium.

A

Right atrium -> right ventricle -> body -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> lungs

34
Q

Which side of the heart is involved in pulmonary circulation? Where does it take blood?

A

Right side; between the heart and lungs

35
Q

Which side of the heart is involved in systemic circulation? Where does it take blood?

A

Left side; between the heart and the rest of the body

36
Q

Why is blood that leaves the lungs oxygen-poor?

A

The lungs absorb the oxygen in the blood

37
Q

True or false: The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava are veins that bring oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium.

A

True

38
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body

39
Q

What do valves do?

A

Flaps of connective tissue that keep blood flowing in the direction in needs to go

40
Q

What does the mitral valve separate?

A

The left atrium and left ventricle

41
Q

What does the tricuspid valve separate?

A

The right atrium and right ventricle

42
Q

What does the septum divide?

A

The left and right ventricles

43
Q

Where does the contraction of the heart start?

A

The sinoatrial valve

44
Q

What is the group of cells that start heart contractions called?

A

Pacemaker

45
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

46
Q

What measures blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

47
Q

What blood vessel take blood to the heart?

A

Arteries

48
Q

What blood vessel takes blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

49
Q

What extremely thin blood vessel connects the arteries and the veins?

A

Capillaries

50
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?

A

Systolic- Force when ventricles contract

Diastolic- Force when ventricles relax

51
Q

What characterizes atherosclerosis?

A

An excess of fatty deposits built up on the walls of arteries

52
Q

What is another name for high blood pressure?

A

Hypertansion

53
Q

What are three ways to avoid cardiovascular disease?

A

Exercising, eating well, and avoiding smoking

Biology Semester 2 (6 decks)

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