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Biology Semester 2 > Biology Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 14 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two types of sex chromosomes? Which one does every human being have?

A

X and Y; X

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1
Q

How is a karyotype made?

A

Biologists photograph cells during mitosis when the chromosomes are easy to see. They then cut out the pictures of chromosomes and group them in pairs.

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2
Q

What are all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes called?

A

Autosomes

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3
Q

What does a pedigree show?

A

The relationships within a family

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4
Q

True or false: A shaded figure on a pedigree indicates that the family member does not have the given trait.

A

False

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5
Q

On a karyotype, what shape represents a male? a female?

A

Male- square

Female- circle

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6
Q

Why is it difficult to study the genetics of humans?

A

The human genome consists of tens of thousands of genes

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7
Q

What are sex-linked genes?

A

Genes on the X and Y chromosomes

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8
Q

What is a Barr body?

A

A dense region in the nucleus generally not found in males

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9
Q

What occurs during nondisjunction?

A

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate

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10
Q

What is the condition in which an organism as three copies of a chromosome called?

A

Trisomy

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11
Q

Why might prospective parents decide to have genetic testing?

A

To see if they carry alleles for a genetic disorder

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12
Q

What is DNA fingerprinting?

A

A process that analyzes DNA with little or no functions but lots of variance

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13
Q

True or false: Genes should not be used during the process of DNA fingerprinting.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the Human Genome Project?

A

An ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence

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15
Q

What is an open reading frame?

A

A sequence of DNA bases that will produce an mRNA sequence, which then specifies an area of amino acids

16
Q

True or false: The mRNA coding regions of most genes are interrupted by exons.

A

False (introns, not exons)

17
Q

What is gene therapy?

A

The process of changing a gene that causes a disorder

18
Q

True or false: Gene therapy is very risky and does not work 100% of the time.

A

True

Biology Semester 2 (6 decks)

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