Biology Chapter 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

What are the two types of sex chromosomes? Which one does every human being have?

A

X and Y; X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How is a karyotype made?

A

Biologists photograph cells during mitosis when the chromosomes are easy to see. They then cut out the pictures of chromosomes and group them in pairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes called?

A

Autosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a pedigree show?

A

The relationships within a family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false: A shaded figure on a pedigree indicates that the family member does not have the given trait.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On a karyotype, what shape represents a male? a female?

A

Male- square

Female- circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is it difficult to study the genetics of humans?

A

The human genome consists of tens of thousands of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are sex-linked genes?

A

Genes on the X and Y chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Barr body?

A

A dense region in the nucleus generally not found in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What occurs during nondisjunction?

A

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the condition in which an organism as three copies of a chromosome called?

A

Trisomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why might prospective parents decide to have genetic testing?

A

To see if they carry alleles for a genetic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is DNA fingerprinting?

A

A process that analyzes DNA with little or no functions but lots of variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or false: Genes should not be used during the process of DNA fingerprinting.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Human Genome Project?

A

An ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an open reading frame?

A

A sequence of DNA bases that will produce an mRNA sequence, which then specifies an area of amino acids

16
Q

True or false: The mRNA coding regions of most genes are interrupted by exons.

A

False (introns, not exons)

17
Q

What is gene therapy?

A

The process of changing a gene that causes a disorder

18
Q

True or false: Gene therapy is very risky and does not work 100% of the time.

A

True