Biology Chapter 12

Question 0

True or false: Mice injected with a mixture of bacteria from harmful, heat- killed bacteria and live rough colonies survived.

Answer 0

False (the mice died)

Question 1

True or false: The bacteria that cause pneumonia grew in smooth colonies while harmless bacteria had rough edges.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is transformation?

Answer 2

A process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Question 3

True or false: Avery and his colleagues thought that the molecule required in transformation might be the molecule of a gene.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Transformation did not occur when what was destroyed?

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

What did Avery and his colleagues conclude?

Answer 5

DNA stores and transmits genetic information

Question 6

What is a virus that infects bacteria?

Answer 6

Bacteriophage

Question 7

True or false: The genetic information of a bacteriophage is stored in proteins.

Answer 7

False (it’s stored in DNA)

Question 8

What three things make up a nucleotide?

Answer 8

Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 9

How many carbons does deoxyribose have?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

Answer 10

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 11

True or false: Adenine and guanine make up the pyrimidines while cytosine and thymine make up the purines.

Answer 11

False (switch purines and pyrimidines)

Question 12

What makes up the DNA backbone?

Answer 12

Sugar and phosphate groups

Question 13

What shape is DNA?

Answer 13

A double helix

Question 14

Where is DNA stored in prokaryotes?

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

Where is DNA stored in eukaryotes?

Answer 15

The nucleus

Question 16

True or false: Eukaryotic cells have more DNA than eukaryotic cells.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the proteins that get DNA wrapped around them called?

Answer 17

Histones

Question 18

What do nucleosomes do?

Answer 18

They squeeze lots of DNA into a small space

Question 19

What are the places where DNA is separated called?

Answer 19

Replication forks

Question 20

What breaks when DNA is unzipped?

Answer 20

Hydrogen bonds between the base pairs

Question 21

What is the complementary strand to TACGTT?

Answer 21

ATGCAA

Question 22

What does DNA polymerase do in DNA replication?

Answer 22

It joins nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule and acts as the principle enzyme in DNA replication

Question 23

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 23

The sugar in RNA is ribose while it is deoxyribose in DNA
RNA is generally single-stranded
RNA has uracil in place of DNA’s thymine

Question 24

What does RNA have the information to?

Answer 24

Making proteins

Question 25

What are the three main types of RNA?

Answer 25

Messenger, ribosomal, and transfer

Question 26

What one job are most RNA molecules involved in?

Answer 26

Protein synthesis

Question 27

What type of RNA carries information for making amino acids into proteins?

Answer 27

Messenger

Question 28

What

Answer 28

.

Question 29

What happens during transcription?

Answer 29

RNA molecule are produced

Question 30

What type of RNA moves each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins?

Answer 30

Transfer RNA

Question 31

True or false: The amino acids that transfer RNA carries is based off of the mRNA codon.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Where are anticodons found?

Answer 32

tRNA

Question 33

What contains the instructions for assembling proteins?

Answer 33

Genes

Question 34

What are long chains of amino acids that make up proteins called?

Answer 34

Polypeptides

Question 35

What is a codon?

Answer 35

Three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to the polypeptide

Question 36

How many possible three-base codons can there be?

Answer 36

64

Question 37

What happens during translation?

Answer 37

The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins

Question 38

Where does translation take place?

Answer 38

Ribosomes

Question 39

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

What is an anticodon?

Answer 40

An unpaired base carried by transfer RNA that is complementary to a mRNA codon

Question 41

What do enzymes do?

Answer 41

Catalyze (speed up) and regulate chemical reactions

Question 42

What are mutations?

Answer 42

Changes in genetic material

Question 43

True or false: Point mutations occur in many nucleotides.

Answer 43

False (only a few)

Question 44

What is a mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nuclotide?

Answer 44

Frameshift mutation

Question 45

What are the four types of chromosomal mutations?

Answer 45

Deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation

Question 46

What is a polyploidy?

Answer 46

A condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes