Biology Chapter 13

Question 0

Who created the disease-resistant potato and many other selectively bred plants?

Answer 0

Luther Burbank

Question 1

What is selective breeding?

Answer 1

Allowing only the animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce

Question 2

What are the two different types of selective breeding? Which form crosses dissimilar objects hoping to bring together the best?

Answer 2

Hybridization and inbreeding; hybridization

Question 3

What is the main risk of inbreeding?

Answer 3

Genetic defects from the combinations of recessive alleles

Question 4

How do breeders preserve genetic variation for selective breeding?

Answer 4

Inducing mutations

Question 5

What two ways can breeders increase the rate of mutation?

Answer 5

Radiation and chemicals

Question 6

True or false: While polyploidy is good in animals, it is bad in plants.

Answer 6

False (good in plants, bad in animals)

Question 7

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 7

Making changes in the DNA code of a living organsim

Question 8

What four steps do molecular biologists use to study and change DNA molecules?

Answer 8

Extract DNA from cells
Cut DNA into smaller pieces
Identify the sequence of bases
Make copies

Question 9

How do biologists get DNA out of a cell?

Answer 9

The cell is opened and the DNA is separated

Question 10

What do biologists use to cut DNA molecules at a specific sequence of nucleotides to make smaller fragments?

Answer 10

Restriction enzymes

Question 11

What does gel electrophoresis do?

Answer 11

Separates and analyzes DNA fragments

Question 12

True or false: When fragments move during gel electrophoresis, they go from the negative side to the positive.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What process is used to identify one particular gene in an individual’s genome?

Answer 13

Gel electrophoresis

Question 14

What does identifying the DNA sequence allow researchers to do?

Answer 14

Study specific genes, compare genes between organisms, and discover the functions of different genes and gene combinations

Question 15

What can enzymes that splice DNA together also be used to join?

Answer 15

Synthetic DNA sequences and natural DNA sequences

Question 16

How is recombinant DNA produced?

Answer 16

Enzymes move a gene of one organism onto the DNA of another

Question 17

What is a PCR and what does it stand for?

Answer 17

A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) makes one piece of DNA copy multiple times

Question 18

What occurs during transformation?

Answer 18

A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell and uses it to make DNA for the cell

Question 19

What is a plasmid?

Answer 19

A small, circular DNA molecule found naturally in some bacteria

Question 20

True or false: A plasmid has a genetic marker.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the outcome of a during a successful transformation of cells?

Answer 21

The recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell

Question 22

What happens during transformation in animal cells?

Answer 22

DNA is injected into the nucleus of an egg cell. While inside, enzymes help the foreign DNA into the chromosomes. The DNA has a genetic marker so scientists can see what was transformed.

Question 23

What is a transgenic organism?

Answer 23

An organism that contains genes from other species

Question 24

What is a new industry that is changing the way we interact with the living world and is spurred by genetic engineering?

Answer 24

Biotechnology

Question 25

True or false: Recombinant DNA can be used to produce insulin cheaply and in abundance.

Answer 25

False (Transgenic microorganisms, not recombinant DNA)

Question 26

What is a clone?

Answer 26

A member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a singe cell

Question 27

What is fused together from an electric shock during cloning?

Answer 27

Two nuclei

Question 28

What is placed in the uterus of a foster mother to be developed normally during cloning?

Answer 28

Embryo