biology - human biology

Question 1

what are the 5 types of bone?

Answer 1

• long bone
• short bone
• flat bone
• irregular bone
• sessamoid bone

Question 2

long bone

Answer 2

• includes having a longer body greater than how wide it is
• found in the femur, humerus, etc

Question 3

flat bone

Answer 3

• strong, flat plates of bone with the main function of providing protection to the body’s vital organs
• e.g, the scapula and sternum

Question 4

irregular bone

Answer 4

• bones in the body that do not fall into any other categories (non uniform shape)
• e.g, vertabrales

Question 5

short bone

Answer 5

• bones approximately as wide as they are long
• e.g, carpels and tarsels

Question 6

sesamoid bone

Answer 6

• types of short or irregular bones embedded in a tendon
• e.g, patella

Question 7

what 3 bones protect the body?

Answer 7

• cranium = protects the brain
• ribs = protect the lungs
• sternum == protects the heart

Question 8

what 3 bones support the bone?

Answer 8

• scapula
• vertabres
• pelvis

Question 9

what are the 8 different types of joints?

Answer 9

• wrist (ulna radius carpels)
• 2x elbow (humerus ulna radius)
• hip (pelvis and femur)
• shoulder (scapula and humerus)
• knee (femur and tibia)
• vertabrales ???
• ankle ????

Question 10

what are the 3 types of joints

Answer 10

• fibrous joint
• cartilaginous joints
• synovial joints

Question 11

fibrous joints

Answer 11

fixed joints where collagenous fibrous connective tissues unites two bones

Question 12

cartillaginous joints

Answer 12

joints that have bones attached by hyaline or fiibrous cartilage

Question 13

synovial joints

Answer 13

bone surfaces covered with cartillage operated by fluid filled cavlitty (synovial fluid) making them slippery and lubricating

Question 14

what’s the difference between the role of a tendon and a ligament

Answer 14

tendons connect muscle to bone, whereas ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 15

plane joint

Answer 15

• joint trthat occurs when flat surfaces glide accross one another
• e.g, found in the scapula

Question 16

ball and socket joint

Answer 16

• allows for motion in al directions
• e.g, found in shoulder joints

Question 17

hinge joint

Answer 17

• allows for motion in one plane
• e.g, found in elbows

Question 18

saddle joint

Answer 18

• allows for all motion except rotation
• e.g joint of the thumb

Question 19

pivot joint

Answer 19

• allows for rotational motion
• e.g, the head/neck

Question 20

ellipsoid joint

Answer 20

• similar to the ball and joint socket, but significant rotation is not allowed
• e.g, wrist joint

Question 21

bone marrow

Answer 21

red and made up of developing blood cells (internal)

Question 22

periosteum

Answer 22

the tough connective outer sheath of the bone (external)

Question 23

campact bone

Answer 23

protects and supports bone structure (internal)

Question 24

what is cartilage?

Answer 24

• a firm connective tissue made up of the matrix (firm gel) cartillage cells and fibres
• unites the bones of some joints
• provides shape
• caps bones at some joints to reduce friction and shock absorption

Question 25

what do bones store and release?

Answer 25

needed for muscles and blood clotting - calcium ions - potassium ions - phosphate ions - sodium ions - carbonate

Question 26

what is elastic cartilage?

Answer 26

- provides firmnmess and elasticity - contains many fibres of elastin and collagen

Question 27

what is hyaline cartillage?

Answer 27

- cartillage found at the end of your bones, between ribs and trachea - caps bones at the synovial joints - most common catillage type

Question 28

what is fibrous cartillage?

Answer 28

- the tooughest form of cartillage - found between the vertabrales and the miniscous of the knee