biology - enzymes

Question 1

substrate

Answer 1

the molecule that reacts wih an enzyme

Question 2

induced fit

Answer 2

where active site changes shape slightly as it binds to the substrate so it fits better

Question 3

what factors affect enzyme action?

Answer 3

• temperature
• substrate concentration
• pH concentration

Question 4

catalyst

Answer 4

something that speeds up the rate of a reaction

Question 5

denature

Answer 5

• where the active site of an enzyme changes shape
• this means the reaction cannot occur as it is no linger complementary

Question 6

enzymes

Answer 6

• a protein
• acts as a biological catalyst to accelerate a reaction
• lowers the activation energy
• enzymes can be reused

Question 7

activation energy

Answer 7

the minimum energy required for a reaction to take place

Question 8

what happens to the enzyme as the temperature increases?

Answer 8

as the temp increases…
- the rate of reaction also increases
- the molecules of more kinetic energy, so there will be more frequent, successful collisions between the substrate and enzyme, eventually reaching its optimum teperature

• higher temperature = bonds eventually become strained and break once it passes optimum temperature, so the enzymes will denature and the temperature drops to 0

Question 9

optimum temperature

Answer 9

the temperature at which the enzyme has the highest rate of activity

Question 10

active site

Answer 10

something that binds to the substrate

Question 11

complementary

Answer 11

where the substrate and active site that perfectly fit together because they are shape specific

Question 12

lock and key analogy

Answer 12

where thereis only one substrate fits each enzyme because they are shape specific

Question 13

what happens to enzymes when the substrate concentration increases?

Answer 13

• as the substrate concentration increases,the rate of reaction also increases
• the increased number of substrate particles lead to a higher collision rate with the active sites of enzymes
• as the substrate concentration increases even more, rate of reaction remains costant BECAUSE at high substare concentrations, many active sites are already occupied

Question 14

what happens to the temperature as the pH increases?

Answer 14

• low pH = rate is low (denatured enzyme)
• mid pH = rate increases to optimum pH
• high pH = rate is low (denatured enzyme)