Biology final exam Flashcards by Amelia Kerlin

Protein synthesis is ________________, meaning that it is a process that can reliably make the same protein from the same code again and again.
-Flexible
-Stable
-Complementary

Stable

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Cellular ________________ refers to all the processes that get, save and spend energy in an organism.
-Conservation
-Anabolism
-Metabolism

Metabolism

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The law of ________________ states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
-Universal Gravitation
-Conservation of Energy
-Conservation of momentum

Conservation of Energy

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The enzyme that aids in the replication of DNA is called ________________.
-RNA polymerase
-DNA polymerase
-Catalase

DNA polymerase

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The structure of DNA can be described as:
-A single strand
-A double helix
-A globular protein

A double helix

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Cell processes like photosynthesis that transform energy from radiant energy to stored chemical energy by building molecules are ________________.
-Anabolic
-Catabolic
-Systolic

Anabolic

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During DNA replication, sometimes mistakes can occur in the genetic code such as insertions of extra bases, deletions or skipping nucleotides. These changes are called ________________.
-Transcripts
-Mutations
-Genes

Mutations

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Transcription occurs in the ________________.
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Ribosome

Nucleus

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The ATCG nitrogenous bases stand for:
-Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytoskeleton
-Adenine, thyroid, cytosine, guanine
-Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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A(n) ________________ is an organism that gets it’s energy by making its own food, such as through photosynthesis.
-Autotroph
-Heterotroph
-Carnivore

Autotroph

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The ________________ are the site of protein production in cells.
-Golgi apparati
-Nuclei
-Ribosomes

Ribosomes

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Cells get ready to divide or to make proteins by copying DNA. this process is called ________________.
-Transcription
-Replication
-Translation

Replication

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DNA is found in and stays in the ________________.
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

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The process of DNA being rewritten as mRNA is called ________________.
-Transcription
-Translation
-Replication

Transcription

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The process of making amino acid chains from mRNA is called ________________.
-DNA replication
-Transcription
-Translation

Translation

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The small usable unit of energy for the cell that is fully “charged” and is constantly used and reformed is called ________________.
-DNA -ATP
-RNA -ADP

ATP

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What type of RNA molecule is found in the cytoplasm where they join up with amino acids and carry amino acids to the ribosome?
-messenger
-transfer
-ribosomal

transfer

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The ________________ structure of proteins refers to the simple order of amino acids, not how they coil, fold or interact with other chains.
-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary

Primary

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The chemical bonds between ________________ groups in ATP store energy that can be used to power cellular processes.
-Sugar
-Phosphate
-Base

Phosphate

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The segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a(n) ________________.
-Transcript
-ADP molecule
-Gene

Gene

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The nucleic acid that is a chain of nucleotides that stores information, directs metabolic process of cells and is copied and transmitted is called ________________.
-DNA
-RNA
-ATP

DNA

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In DNA to DNA complimentary base pairing:
-A pairs with U; C pairs with G
-A pairs with T; C pairs with G
-A pairs with C; T pairs with G

A pairs with T; C pairs with G

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Reactions that build molecules and store energy
-anabolism -catabolism
-autotrophs -heterotrophs

anabolism

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Organisms that depend on other organisms for food (consumers)
-anabolism -catabolism
-autotrophs -heterotrophs

heterotrophs

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Organisms that make their own food (producers) -anabolism -catabolism -autotrophs -heterotrophs

autotrophs

Reactions that break things down and release energy -anabolism -catabolism -autotrophs -heterotrophs

catabolism

American researcher who proposed the double helix model of DNA. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Watson

Discovered that DNA is the factor that transmits traits, not proteins. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Avery

A physical chemist who lived in California and was very good at building molecular models. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Pauling

Researcher who did x-ray crystallography, including photo 51. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Rosalin Franklin

A British researcher who proposed the double helix model of DNA. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Crick

Discovered that across different species, DNA molecules have the same numbers of A's as compared to T's and C's as compared to G's. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Chargroff

Considered the Father of genetics because he did early experiments in genetics with his pea plants. -Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

Mendel

Where does the Light-dependent phase of photosynthesis occur? -Thylakoid disc membrane -Stroma -Mitochondria

Thylakoid disc membrane

Where does the light-independent phase of photosynthesis occur? -Thylakoid disc membrane -Stroma -Mitochondria

Stroma

What is the main purpose of the Light-dependent phase of photosynthesis? -To store energy in the chemical bonds of glucose -To capture energy from the sunlight in a chemical form -To break down glucose into a usable energy form

To capture energy from the sunlight in a chemical form

The cohesion-tension theory describes the movement of what necessary reactant in photosynthesis? -Oxygen -Carbon dioxide -Water

Water

Chlorophyll pigment in the photosystems, embedded in the thylakoid disc membrane, reacts with light to split ________________ molecules, producing high energy electrons, H+ ions and oxygen gas. -Glucose -G3P -Water

Water

The opening and closing of ________________ in leaves of green plants, regulates the entrance of gases, such as Carbon dioxide, and the loss of water to the surroundings. -Stomata -Xylem -Phloem

Stomata

What enzyme helps to make ATP molecules in both the light phase of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? This enzyme looks like a "motor" that spins s it catalyzes the reaction. -Rubisco -ATP synthase -RNA polymerase

ATP synthase

In photosynthesis, what enzyme links CO2 molecules together to make G3P in the Calvin cycle (Carbon fixation process)? It can bind both CO2 and O2, making it a key factor in whether cellular respiration or photorespiration will occur. -Rubisco -ATP synthase -RNA polymerase

Rubisco

G3P can be joined to make a ________________ molecule or modified to make other energy storage compounds. -Fat -Glucose -Oxygen

Glucose

Maintaining ________________ in plants, or a steady state, that allows for productive photosynthesis is dependent upon the presence of light, carbon dioxide and water. -Temperature -Homeostasis -Metabolism

Homeostasis

________________ is a process in plants that occurs instead of photosynthesis that wastes energy and undoes the work of the Calvin cycle. It happens in many plants when there is a low ratio of CO2:O2. -Photosynthesis -Photorespiration -Cellular respiration

Photorespiration

For plants, relatively low temperatures (but not freezing) and a high CO2:O2 ratio are considered: -Stressful conditions -Sketchy conditions -Ideal conditions

Ideal conditions

________________ plants have a pathway to the Calvin cycle that temporarily (by time) separates the stages in photosynthesis to prevent the inefficient process of photorespiration in stressful conditions. Example: cactus or pinapple -C3 -C4 -CAM

CAM

In some plants, such as corn and sugar cane, the stages of photosynthesis are spatially separated, to prevent the process of photorespiration in stressful conditions. These plants are called ________________ plants. -C3 -C4 -CAM

________________ respiration does not require oxygen. -Aerobic -Anaerobic

Anaerobic

The process in which food substances (cellular level) are broken down into usable energy in the form of ATP is called ________________. -Photorespiration -Cellular Respiration -Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

________________ means "splitting sugars" and is the first step of cellular respiration but also part of anaerobic respiration. -Glucose -Glycogen -Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Alcohol and Lactic acid are the products of ________________, which is also known as anaerobic respiration. -Photosynthesis -Fermentation -Photosystem II

Fermentation

The Citric Acid Cycle harvests high energy electrons to feed into the Electron transport chain and occurs in the ________________. -Cytoplasm -Chloroplast -Mitochondria

Mitochondria

________________ fermentation is used to make products like cheese and yogurt and is used by our muscles when vigorous exercise causes an oxygen debt (muscels run out of available oxygen). -Alcohol -Aerobic -Lactic acid

Lactic acid

The electron transport chain in cellular respiration produces many ________________ energy packets perfectly usable by cells. -ADP -ATP -NADPH

ATP

The study of heredity which is the passing on of traits from parent to child is called ________________. -Homeostasis -Genetics -Interphase

Genetics

A "picture" of chromosomes is called a ________________. -Haploid -Mitosis -Karyotype

Karyotype

The parts of DNA that code for proteins and can therefore cause a trait are called ________________. -Genes -Sister chromatids -Proteins

Genes

In cells that are still in interphase, the genetic material looks fuzzy and messy, and is called ________________. -Chromatin material -Chromosomes -Spindle fibers

Chromatin material

Proteins are made from long strings of amino acids and can be structural or ________________. -Genetic -Enzymatic -Somatic

Enzymatic

Long strands of DNA that are complexed with proteins and condense as a cell begins the process of mitosis are called ________________. -Chromatin -Chromosomes -Alleles

Chromosomes

Cells that are produced through ________________ have half the genetic information of normal body cells. -Mitosis -Meiosis

Meiosis

Different versions of the same gene are called ________________. -Spindle fibers -Centromeres -Alleles

Alleles

The different observable physical characteristics in an organism are called the ________________. -Phenotype -Genotype -Karyotype

Phenotype

Mitosis can be used as asexual reproduction, meaning that the offspring will be genetically ________________ to the parent. An example of this in budding in yeast. -Different as compared -Identical

Identical

________________ are a pair of chromosomes where both chromosomes have the same genes at the same locations, but can have different versions of those genes. One member of the pair is from your mom and the other is from your dad. -Sister chromatids -Homologous chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes

A ________________ of an organism refers to the combination of alleles in an organism, or the actual genetic code. -Genotype -Phenotype

Genotype

________________ are exact copies (duplicate of the chromosome) of each other and are held together at the centromere. -Sister chromatids -Homologous chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Cells that have homologous pairs of chromosomes are considered ________________, because they have two of each chromosome, like our normal body cells. -Haploid -Diploid

Diploid

The division of the cytoplasm of a dividing cell forming two new cells. -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

Separating a cell's duplicated chromosomes. -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis

Mitosis

Formation of a cell wall from the inside-out in plant cells. -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

"normal" cell life; the time between cell divisions. -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis

Interphase

Two new nuclei form. -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis

Mitosis

Building up supplies of cellular parts and copying chromosomes. -Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis

Interphase

The sister chromatids come undone at the centromere and are pulled to either end of the cell. -Metaphase -Telophase -Anaphase -Prophase

Anaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. -Metaphase -Telophase -Anaphase -Prophase

Metaphase

Centrioles divide and move to opposite ends of the cell and chromosomes condense. -Metaphase -Telophase -Anaphase -Prophase

Prophase

Two new nuclei begin to form. -Metaphase -Telophase -Anaphase -Prophase

Telophase

________________ are cells that have not yet differentiated into specialized cells. -Stem cells -Somatic cells -Gametes

Stem cells

The process of cells taking on different characteristics and jobs is called ________________. -Mitosis -Meiosis -Cell differentiation

Cell differentiation

Cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells during development , but not all types of cells are called ________________. -Totipotent stem cells -Pluripotent stem cells -Somatic cells

Pluripotent stem cells

________________ genes are a special set of genes in a developing organism that act like a map determining embryonic development. -Homeotic -Co-dominant -Autosomal

Homeotic

Cells that have the potential to become any kind of cell after differentiation are called ________________. -Totipotent stem cells -Pluripotent stem cells -Somatic cells

Totipotent stem cells

The field of ________________ is mostly concerned with the moral principles that govern biological research and applications of that research. -Epigenetics -Bioethics -Economics

Bioethics

The type of stem cells that are present in a zygote and throughout embryonic development are called ________________ stem cells. -Somatic -Embryonic -Promoter

Embryonic

________________ is a general word that can refer to a Protozoa and Chromista. -Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

Protist

The Protozoa and Chromista are all ________________, which means that their cells have membrane bound nuclei and membrane bound nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles. -Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

The word ________________ means "first animals". -Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

Protozoa

Protista are classified based on how they obtain ________________ and how they ________________. -Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

Food; Move

All of the following describe Protozoa except: -Tend to be heterotrophic -Tend to be motile -Are autotrophic

Are autotrophic

Which statement describes Flagellates? -Use cilia to move and absorb food across their membrane -Have 1 or more flagella and absorb food across their membrane -Have cilia and ingest their food through an oral groove and gullet

Have 1 or more flagella and absorb food across their membrane

The ________________ is able to both make its own food through photosynthesis and absorb food across its membrane. -Paramecium -Euglena -Amoeba

Euglena

Sarcodines are known for ________________. -Making spores at some point during their lifecycle -Having pseudopodia -Being covered in cilia

Having pseudopodia

The euglena uses ________________ to move. -Pseudopodia -Cilia -Flagella

Flagella

Amoeba use ________________ to engulf food, then digest the food in a food vacuole that is created in the process. -Contractile vacuole -Pseudopodia -2 Nuclei

Pseudopodia

Some protozoa have small hairlike structures that are used for movement, which are called ________________. -Cilia -Flagella -Pseudopodia

Cilia

Structures in protozoa that collect and remove excess water and are called ________________. -Pseudopodia -Contractile vacuoles -Flagella

Contractile vacuole

Some protozoa have long whip-like structures called ________________ that are used for movement. -Pseudopodia -Flagella -Cilia

Flagella

Some protozoa have ________________, or areas of pigment that detect light. -Chloroplasts -Eyespots -Contractile vacuoles

Eyespots

Some protozoa are able to form ________________, or protective coatings, when conditions are harsh in order to survive until conditions improve. -Cysts -Nuclei -Food vacuoles

Cysts

The ________________ is considered a cilate, because it is covered in cilia that enable it to move. -Amoeba -Paramecium -Euglena

Paramecium

The ________________ are protozoa that are not able to move on their own, form a spore at some point in their life cycle and are all parasitic. -Ciliates -Flagellates -Sporozoans

Sporozoans

Studying and understanding the ________________ of parasitic protozoa, such as Plasmodium, gives opportunities for preventing the spread of disease and for treating infections. -Lifecycles -Structures -Eyespots

Lifecycles

Chromista have all characteristics listed below, except for: -Contain pigments -Are solely heterotrophic -Are mostly autotrophic -Have cellulose in their cell walls

Are solely heterotrophic

Chromista are known for their colors, caused by ________________, which allow them to perform photosynthesis. -Cellulose -Pigments -Carbohydrates

Pigments

________________ are a type of Chromista that produce 70% of the oxygen that is made through photosynthesis on our planet -Diatoms -Foraminafera -Algae

Algae

________________ are a type of Chromista that have silica based shells that can be used industrially as abrasives and insulators. -Diatoms -Foraminafera -Slime molds

Diatoms

________________ are used as food for humans, a source of salt, a source of vitamins and mineral additives for livestock feed and for making fertilizers -Diatoms -Foraminafera -Algae

Algae

________________ are used as food for humans, a source of salt, a source of vitamins and mineral additives for livestock feed and for making fertilizers -Diatoms -Foraminafera -Algae

Algae

Foraminafera are Chromista with hard ________________, or shells that have tiny holes out of which pseudopodia extend. -Cysts -Tests -Spores

Tests

Slime molds are decomposers that have a two step lifecycle containing a: -Reproductive phase and a dividing phase -Feeding phase and a reproductive phase -Feeding phase and a spreading phase

Feeding phase and a reproductive phase

________________ water molds live on moist, decaying matter. -Aquatic -Land -Slime

Aquatic

________________ water molds parasitize plants. The most famous one being Phytophthora infestas which caused the Irish potato blight. -Aquatic -Land -Slime

Land

Chromista have the basic functions of ________________ and ________________. -Producing oxygen; decomposer -Producing Carbon dioxide; decomposer -Making sugars; releasing energy

Producing oxygen; decomposer

Mendel worked with pea plants for which of the following reasons? -They had many easily observable traits -They reproduce slowly and have a long life cycle -He could not control pollination of the plants

They had many easily observable traits

Gregor Mendel is known as the "Father of ________________" because his work with pea plants helped to discover how traits are passed from parent to offspring. -Genetics -Microbiology -Microscopy

Genetics

Genetic variation from parents to offspring and between offspring is generated as factors for different traits are moved into reproductive cells independently. This was described by Mendel as the Principle of: -Segregation -Dominance -Independent assortment

Independent assortment

To have multiple alleles means to have multiple ________________. -Variables -Versions of a gene -Cell types

Versions of a gene

Mendel concluded each of the following EXCEPT: -Each parent contributes one factor -Inherited traits seem to be a blend of the traits of the parents -Two factors control each inherited trait -Traits can either be dominant or recessive

Inherited traits seem to be a blend of the traits of the parents

Mendel designed his experiment skillfully. Which item below does NOT describe his good experimental technique? -He had large sample sizes -He carefully controlled pollination by hand with a paint brush -He studied multiple variables at a time

He studied multiple variables at a time

This type of allele blocks the expression of another allele. -Phenotype -Heterozygous -Recessive -Genotype -Dominant -Homozygous

Dominant

An organism with two dominant or two recessive alleles for a trait, represented by two capital or two lower case letters. -Phenotype -Heterozygous -Recessive -Genotype -Dominant -Homozygous

Homozygous

This refers to the visible traits in an organism. -Phenotype -Heterozygous -Recessive -Genotype -Dominant -Homozygous

Phenotype

This refers to the combinations of alleles inherited by an organism and can be represented by Pp, PP or pp. -Phenotype -Heterozygous -Recessive -Genotype -Dominant -Homozygous

Genotype

When an organism has two different types of alleles for a given gene. This can be represented by a capital and lower case letter. -Phenotype -Heterozygous -Recessive -Genotype -Dominant -Homozygous

Heterozygous

This type of allele is blocked or masked by the other allele. -Phenotype -Heterozygous -Recessive -Genotype -Dominant -Homozygous

Recessive

A trait seems to be a blend of two alleles. -Incomplete Dominance -Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles -Multiple gene interactions -Sex-linked traits

Incomplete Dominance

The sex chromosomes X and Y carry the gene that determines the trait, not the autosomes. -Incomplete Dominance -Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles -Multiple gene interactions -Sex-linked traits

Sex-linked traits

There are several different options for versions of a gene that determine a trait -Incomplete Dominance -Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles -Multiple gene interactions -Sex-linked traits

Multiple Alleles

A trait is determined by several (more than 2) different segments of DNA that code for a protein. -Incomplete Dominance -Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles -Multiple gene interactions -Sex-linked traits

Multiple gene interactions

Two alleles are expressed. -Incomplete Dominance -Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles -Multiple gene interactions -Sex-linked traits

Co-dominance

This tool is generated by gathering information about as many family members as possible, in order to look at patterns of inheritance for a particular trait over several generations. -Pedigree -Test cross -Punnett square

Pedigree

This tool is used to determine possible genotypes of offspring and the likelihood of producing offspring with certain traits. -Pedigree -Test cross -Punnett square

Punnett square

This method breeds an organism of a known genotype with one of an unknown genotype in order to determine its genotype. -Pedigree -Test cross -Punnett square

Test cross

________________ is the process in which genetic information is activated to make a genetic product, such as protein. -Cell differentiation -Gene expression -Homeostasis

Gene expression

________________ factors, like hormones in pregnancy, affect the production of proteins from genes in DNA. -Structural DNA -Temperature -Environmental

Environmental

________________ are sequences of DNA, like TATA box, that come before a gene and tell the RNA polymerase where to bind to encourage transcription of a gene. -Homeotic genes -Promoters -Silencers

Promoters

________________ are DNA sequences that act like switches to "turn on" gene transcription. -Silencers -Enhancers -Genes

Enhancers

________________ proteins bind to enhancers and silencers to control gene transcription. -Regulatory -Antibody -Enhancer

Regulatory

Chemical stimuli and even light and temperature may have an effect on the ________________ of genes, thereby affecting the development of organisms. -Copying -Expression -Presence

Expression

________________ are DNA sequences that act like switches to "turn off" or stop transcription of a gene. -Silencers -Enhancers -Genes

Silencers

The process of cells taking on different characteristics and jobs is called ________________. -Mitosis -Meiosis -Cell differentiation

Cell differentiation

The area of science that studies how changes such as the addition of acetyl groups to histones and methyl groups to DNA can cause changes in gene expression is called: -Bioethics -Epigenetics -Genetics

Epigenetics

Sex-linked traits tend to show up in males because the ______ chromosome is smaller than the other sex determining chromosome, so men would only need one copy of a gene that causes the sex linked trait. -Y -X

________________ is the science of classifying organisms into groups. -Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification -Classification -Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Finding out what groups a known organism belongs to (such as finding out the name of a bird in your backyard) is called ________________. -Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification -Classification -Taxonomy

Identification

Classification groups are called ________________. -Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification -Classification -Taxonomy

Taxa

Aristotle and Linneaus' ________________ systems both consisted of plant and animals. -Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification -Classification -Taxonomy

Classification

Scientific naming of organisms that involves two names is called ________________. -Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification -Classification -Taxonomy

Binomial Nomenclature

Saying to remember the taxa:

Do kangaroos prefer cake or icing generally speaking

Latin was chosen as a primary language for scientific naming for all the following reasons except: -Latin wasn't known by anyone -Latin was a descriptive language -Latin was "dead", or not a spoken language, so it was not changing

Latin wasn't known by anyone

Which of the following in NOT a domain name? -Bacteria -Protozoa -Eukarya

Protozoa

A ________________ is a group of organisms with similar characteristics although there can be some variation between them. More technically, members of this group need to be able to reproduce to make viable and fertile offspring. -Domain -Species -Colony

Species

The name Archaea refers to Carl Woese's belief that this group of organisms was ________________. -Small -Old -Unique

Old

Archaea have the following characteristics except: -Isoprene in their cell walls that make them flexible and able to withstand extreme conditions. -Membrane bound nuclei and organelles -Are unicellular, but able to form colonies

Membrane bound nuclei and organelles

Which name does NOT represent a type of archaea? -Escherichia coli -Methanogens -Thermophiles

Escherichia coli

T/F Archaea and Bacteria both have nuclei.

False

T/F There were genetic differences between organisms that led to the formation of 3 domains.

True

T/F Most bacteria cause disease

False

T/F Bacteria are important for survival and flourishing of other organisms

True

T/F Bacterial cells are about the same size as eukaryotic cells

False

Bacteria contain what component in their cell walls? -Peptidoglycan -Isoprene -Phospholipid

Peptidoglycan

While bacteria contain a large double stranded circular chromosome, they also have smaller pieces of DNA called ________________ that might only contain a few nonessential genes. -Flagella -Phage -Plasmids

Plasmids

Some bacteria have long thread-like structures called ________________ that enable them to move around. -Cilia -Plasmids -Flagella

Flagella

Some bacteria have ________________, which are sticky carbohydrate, that help protect them from drying out or being attacked by immune cells. -Cell membranes -Capsules -Cell walls

Capsules

Bacteria reproduce by a process called ________________ which produces genetically identical cells. -Mitosis -Binomial nomenclature -Binary fission

Binary fission

Even though there is no exchange or variation in genetic information through reproduction in bacteria through ________________. -Conjugation -Binary fission -Classification

Conjugation

Transduction in bacteria involves ________________, which are viruses that infect only bacterial cells. -Plasmids -Bacteriophage -Peptidoglycan

Bacteriophage

Through the process of ________________ one bacteria is able to pass a copy of a plasmid to another bacteria through a hollow tube connecting the bacteria. -Conjugation -Transformation -Transduction

Conjugation

Growth of bacteria can be SLOWED by which of the following: -Giving them an optimal temperature for binary fission -Limiting the amount of available food -Providing ample moisture -Increasing temperature to room temperature

Limiting the amount of available food

A microbiologist studies ________________. -Organisms so far away they need to be studied with a telescope. -Organisms that only live in the ocean -Organisms so small they need to be studied with a microscope

Organisms so small they need to be studied with a microscope

________________ refers to the idea that bacteria and viruses have certain conditions under which they an grow and replicate best. For bacteria, this involves a certain temperature and moisture range. For viruses, this involves a certain type of host and type of cell within the host. -Decomposition -Specificity -Morphology

Specificity

Which of the following statements provides correct information that shows that viruses are not living things? -Viruses can only reproduce using host cell machinery -Viruses are made of one or more cells -Viruses do not have genetic information of their own

Viruses can only reproduce using host cell machinery

Viruses typically have which 3 parts? -Nucleus, capsid, envelope -Envelope, ribosomes, Nucleic acid core -Nucleic acid core, capsid, envelope

Nucleic acid core, capsid, envelope

If a virus has been integrated into the host cell genome and is not causing symptoms of the disease it is likely in the ________________ phase. -Lysogenic -Lyctic

Lysogenic

Given the following translations, what is the likely scientific name for the "large waterleaf"? (macro=large; hydro=water; helia=sun) -Helianthus annus -Hydrophyllum macrophyllum -Hydrophyllym microphyllum

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

T/F Cell structure (Animal Kingdom) ____ Are prokaryotic ____ Are Eukaryotic ____ Have cell walls made of chitin ____ Do not have cell walls

F T F T

T/F Nutrition (Animal Kingdom) ____ Are heterotrophic ____ Make their own food ____ Some are parasitic and pathogenic

T F T

T/F Reproduction (Animal Kingdom) ____ Reproduce sexually ____ Only reproduce asexually ____ Have stages of embryonic development

T F T

T/F Motility (Animal Kingdom) ____ Most are able to move around with the help of muscles ____ Never have endoskeletons ____ May have hydroskeletons

T F T

Platyhelminthes -Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

Flatworms

Annelida -Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

Segmented worms

Mollusca -Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

Octopi, clams, squid

Nematoda -Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

roundworms

Exchanging gases with the environment is called: -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Respiration

Shells, feathers, and skin are all types of body coverings that are used in : -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Protection

Animals that have ________________ are supported by a flexible, light internal system of bones or cartilage. -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Endoskeletons

Since animals are ________________, they must be able to ________________, or take in food, digest food and assimilate the nutrients from food. -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Heterotrophic, Ingest

________________ is the removal of waste materials. -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Excretion

When a planaria senses the presence of light and coordinates movements to move away from light, this is called showing a: -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Response

________________ is the transport of materials throughout an animal. -Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons -Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest -Excretion

Circulation

Concentration of sensory and nerve cells at one end -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Cephalization

Cannot be divided into equal halves -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Asymmetrical

Animals without a backbone -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Invertebrates

Animal that can be divided by a cut through the center of the animal in any direction -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Radially symmetric

Animal that has a body temperature that is behaviorally regulated -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Endothermic

Animal that has a body temperature that is behaviorally regulated -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Ectothermic

Animal that can be divided in mirror image right and left sides by a longitudinal cut -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Bilaterally symmetric

Animals with a backbone -Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic -Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric -Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

Vertebrates

Which is the proper order of body layers during the development of worms listed from inside to outside? -1.Endoderm 2.mesoderm 3.ectoderm -1.Ectoderm 2.mesoderm 3.endoderm -1.Mesoderm 2.ectoderm 3.endoderm

1.Endoderm 2.mesoderm 3.ectoderm

The ________________ of nematodes refers to their ability to live in all different kinds of environments throughout the world, while their ________________ refers to the ability of a particular kind of nematode to live in only a certain host and a certain part of the host. -Specificity; versatility -Cephalization; versatility -Versatility; specificity

Versatility; specificity

The name Annelida comes from the description: -Flat worms -Little rings -Stinging nettles

Little rings

Planaria are able to do all of the following except: -Sense light -Regenerate a full worm from a tiny fragment -Be protected from digestion in a host by thick skin

Be protected from digestion in a host by thick skin

Which of the following is NOT a parasitic roundworm? -Guinea worm -Tapeworm -Ascaris

Tapeworm

Parasitic flatworms are likely to have what structures? -Thick tegument and hooks or suckers for attachment -Sensory organs for finding food and cilia for movement -Thin moist skin for diffusion and hooks for attachment

Thick tegument and hooks or suckers for attachment

Bristles for anchoring -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord -Clitellum -Setae

Setae

Stores food -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord -Clitellum -Setae

Crop

Grinds food -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord -Clitellum -Setae

Gizzard

Make mucus that becomes the cocoon; thickened band around the worm -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord -Clitellum -Setae

Clitellum

Transfer blood from dorsal to ventral blood vessels -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord -Clitellum -Setae

Aortic arches

Carries nerve signals down the worm -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord -Clitellum -Setae

Ventral nerve cord

Contract to shorten the worm for movement -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve chord -Clitellum -Setae

Longitudinal muscles

Receives sperm from another worm through mating -Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles -Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve chord -Clitellum -Setae

Seminal receptacle

Secretes the shell and encloses vital organs -Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump -Shell

Mantle

Contains the heart, digestive organs and excretory organs -Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump -Shell

Visceral hump

Fleshy and muscular organ that is used in locomotion -Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump -Shell

Foot

Small organ covering in teeth that can scrape food particles into the mouth -Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump -Shell

Radula

Hard, protective covering -Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump -Shell

Shell

What does gastropod mean and what is an example? -Two-shelled, clam -Stomach footed, snail -Head footed, cuttlefish

Stomach footed, snail

What structure of clams is important in both respiration and in obtaining nutrition because it allows for gas exchange and trapping food particles? -Digestive gland -Adductor muscle -Gills

Gills

What structure of clams is important in both support and protection? -The visceral hump -The foot -The shell

The shell

Clams have various sense organs that can respond to: -Balance cues, touch and substances in water -Sound, touch and light -Only movement

Balance cues, touch and substances in water

________________ published the first microscopic illustrations in 1630 -Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens -Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

Stelluti

________________ developed a microscope and published a book called Micrographia containing illustrations from his studies. He coined the term "cell" after looking at cork tissue under a microscope. -Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens -Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

Hooke

This word is derived from word parts that mean "small" and "to see": ________________ -Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens -Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

Microscope

The ________________ mounted lenses in adjustable tubes, making a type of ________________ microscope. -Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens -Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

Jansens; compound

________________ made microscopes with only one lens, which are called ________________ microscopes, that were able to magnify objects over 200 times. -Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens -Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

Leeuwenhoek; simple

The ability of a lens to enlarge an image compared to the real object is called ________________. -Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction -Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

Magnification

Light is ________________ when its waves travel through a material. -Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction -Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

Transmitted

The ability to tell that two separate points or objects are separate is called ________________. -Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction -Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

Resolution

________________ refers to light waves bouncing off an object. This then causes us to see a duplicate of an image. -Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction -Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

Reflection

________________ occurs when a material captures the energy of a light wave. -Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction -Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

Absorption

________________ is the apparent change of direction of light waves, but is really the slight change in the speed at which light is traveling as it passes through different materials.

Refraction

What would the magnification of an object viewed on this microscope be if the magnification of the eyepiece is 10 and the magnification of the objective lens is 40?

400x

Name and describe in a complete sentence one important use/function of bacteria.

Bacteria are essential for making foods like yogurt and buttermilk

What two types of inheritance are exemplified in the inheritance of blood type? Name and describe them using full sentences.

Blood type AB is an example of co-dominance because two alleles are expressed. EAe and EBe or A and B type blood are examples of inheritance by multiple alleles because EAe and EBe are a blend of EA and e or EB and e.

Malaria. (1) state the name of the disease, (2) the type of organism that causes it, (3) the route of infection, (4) basic symptoms of the disease, (5) who is affected by the disease and what are (6) possible treatments and ways of preventing the spread of the disease.

Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites and is spread by an infected female mosquito's bite. Symptoms of malaria are a fever, headache and chills.The people most affected by Malaria are children 5 years old and under and pregnant women. Most cases of Malaria are in Africa. A possible prevention would be a vaccine and bug spray could prevent malaria.

Write all 3 parts of cell theory.

-All cells arise from preexisting cells. -Cells are the fundamental, structural and functional units of all living things. -All living things are composed of cells.