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Biology 1 > Biology final exam > Flashcards

Biology final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Protein synthesis is ________________, meaning that it is a process that can reliably make the same protein from the same code again and again.
-Flexible
-Stable
-Complementary

A

Stable

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2
Q

Cellular ________________ refers to all the processes that get, save and spend energy in an organism.
-Conservation
-Anabolism
-Metabolism

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

The law of ________________ states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
-Universal Gravitation
-Conservation of Energy
-Conservation of momentum

A

Conservation of Energy

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4
Q

The enzyme that aids in the replication of DNA is called ________________.
-RNA polymerase
-DNA polymerase
-Catalase

A

DNA polymerase

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5
Q

The structure of DNA can be described as:
-A single strand
-A double helix
-A globular protein

A

A double helix

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6
Q

Cell processes like photosynthesis that transform energy from radiant energy to stored chemical energy by building molecules are ________________.
-Anabolic
-Catabolic
-Systolic

A

Anabolic

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7
Q

During DNA replication, sometimes mistakes can occur in the genetic code such as insertions of extra bases, deletions or skipping nucleotides. These changes are called ________________.
-Transcripts
-Mutations
-Genes

A

Mutations

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8
Q

Transcription occurs in the ________________.
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Ribosome

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

The ATCG nitrogenous bases stand for:
-Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytoskeleton
-Adenine, thyroid, cytosine, guanine
-Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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10
Q

A(n) ________________ is an organism that gets it’s energy by making its own food, such as through photosynthesis.
-Autotroph
-Heterotroph
-Carnivore

A

Autotroph

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11
Q

The ________________ are the site of protein production in cells.
-Golgi apparati
-Nuclei
-Ribosomes

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

Cells get ready to divide or to make proteins by copying DNA. this process is called ________________.
-Transcription
-Replication
-Translation

A

Replication

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13
Q

DNA is found in and stays in the ________________.
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

The process of DNA being rewritten as mRNA is called ________________.
-Transcription
-Translation
-Replication

A

Transcription

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15
Q

The process of making amino acid chains from mRNA is called ________________.
-DNA replication
-Transcription
-Translation

A

Translation

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16
Q

The small usable unit of energy for the cell that is fully “charged” and is constantly used and reformed is called ________________.
-DNA -ATP
-RNA -ADP

A

ATP

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17
Q

What type of RNA molecule is found in the cytoplasm where they join up with amino acids and carry amino acids to the ribosome?
-messenger
-transfer
-ribosomal

A

transfer

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18
Q

The ________________ structure of proteins refers to the simple order of amino acids, not how they coil, fold or interact with other chains.
-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary

A

Primary

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19
Q

The chemical bonds between ________________ groups in ATP store energy that can be used to power cellular processes.
-Sugar
-Phosphate
-Base

A

Phosphate

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20
Q

The segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a(n) ________________.
-Transcript
-ADP molecule
-Gene

A

Gene

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21
Q

The nucleic acid that is a chain of nucleotides that stores information, directs metabolic process of cells and is copied and transmitted is called ________________.
-DNA
-RNA
-ATP

A

DNA

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22
Q

In DNA to DNA complimentary base pairing:
-A pairs with U; C pairs with G
-A pairs with T; C pairs with G
-A pairs with C; T pairs with G

A

A pairs with T; C pairs with G

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23
Q

Reactions that build molecules and store energy
-anabolism -catabolism
-autotrophs -heterotrophs

A

anabolism

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24
Q

Organisms that depend on other organisms for food (consumers)
-anabolism -catabolism
-autotrophs -heterotrophs

A

heterotrophs

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25
Q

Organisms that make their own food (producers)
-anabolism -catabolism
-autotrophs -heterotrophs

A

autotrophs

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26
Q

Reactions that break things down and release energy
-anabolism -catabolism
-autotrophs -heterotrophs

A

catabolism

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27
Q

American researcher who proposed the double helix model of DNA.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling
-Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Watson

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28
Q

Discovered that DNA is the factor that transmits traits, not proteins.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling
-Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Avery

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29
Q

A physical chemist who lived in California and was very good at building molecular models.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Pauling

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30
Q

Researcher who did x-ray crystallography, including photo 51.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling
-Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Rosalin Franklin

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31
Q

A British researcher who proposed the double helix model of DNA.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Crick

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32
Q

Discovered that across different species, DNA molecules have the same numbers of A’s as compared to T’s and C’s as compared to G’s.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Chargroff

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33
Q

Considered the Father of genetics because he did early experiments in genetics with his pea plants.
-Mendel -Crick -Watson -Chargroff -Pauling -Rosalin Franklin -Avery

A

Mendel

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34
Q

Where does the Light-dependent phase of photosynthesis occur?
-Thylakoid disc membrane
-Stroma
-Mitochondria

A

Thylakoid disc membrane

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35
Q

Where does the light-independent phase of photosynthesis occur?
-Thylakoid disc membrane
-Stroma
-Mitochondria

A

Stroma

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36
Q

What is the main purpose of the Light-dependent phase of photosynthesis?
-To store energy in the chemical bonds of glucose
-To capture energy from the sunlight in a chemical form
-To break down glucose into a usable energy form

A

To capture energy from the sunlight in a chemical form

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37
Q

The cohesion-tension theory describes the movement of what necessary reactant in photosynthesis?
-Oxygen
-Carbon dioxide
-Water

A

Water

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38
Q

Chlorophyll pigment in the photosystems, embedded in the thylakoid disc membrane, reacts with light to split ________________ molecules, producing high energy electrons, H+ ions and oxygen gas.
-Glucose
-G3P
-Water

A

Water

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39
Q

The opening and closing of ________________ in leaves of green plants, regulates the entrance of gases, such as Carbon dioxide, and the loss of water to the surroundings.
-Stomata
-Xylem
-Phloem

A

Stomata

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40
Q

What enzyme helps to make ATP molecules in both the light phase of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? This enzyme looks like a “motor” that spins s it catalyzes the reaction.
-Rubisco
-ATP synthase
-RNA polymerase

A

ATP synthase

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41
Q

In photosynthesis, what enzyme links CO2 molecules together to make G3P in the Calvin cycle (Carbon fixation process)? It can bind both CO2 and O2, making it a key factor in whether cellular respiration or photorespiration will occur.
-Rubisco
-ATP synthase
-RNA polymerase

A

Rubisco

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42
Q

G3P can be joined to make a ________________ molecule or modified to make other energy storage compounds.
-Fat
-Glucose
-Oxygen

A

Glucose

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43
Q

Maintaining ________________ in plants, or a steady state, that allows for productive photosynthesis is dependent upon the presence of light, carbon dioxide and water.
-Temperature
-Homeostasis
-Metabolism

A

Homeostasis

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44
Q

________________ is a process in plants that occurs instead of photosynthesis that wastes energy and undoes the work of the Calvin cycle. It happens in many plants when there is a low ratio of CO2:O2.
-Photosynthesis
-Photorespiration
-Cellular respiration

A

Photorespiration

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45
Q

For plants, relatively low temperatures (but not freezing) and a high CO2:O2 ratio are considered:
-Stressful conditions
-Sketchy conditions
-Ideal conditions

A

Ideal conditions

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46
Q

________________ plants have a pathway to the Calvin cycle that temporarily (by time) separates the stages in photosynthesis to prevent the inefficient process of photorespiration in stressful conditions. Example: cactus or pinapple
-C3
-C4
-CAM

A

CAM

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47
Q

In some plants, such as corn and sugar cane, the stages of photosynthesis are spatially separated, to prevent the process of photorespiration in stressful conditions. These plants are called ________________ plants.
-C3
-C4
-CAM

A

C4

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48
Q

________________ respiration does not require oxygen.
-Aerobic
-Anaerobic

A

Anaerobic

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49
Q

The process in which food substances (cellular level) are broken down into usable energy in the form of ATP is called ________________.
-Photorespiration
-Cellular Respiration
-Photosynthesis

A

Cellular Respiration

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50
Q

________________ means “splitting sugars” and is the first step of cellular respiration but also part of anaerobic respiration.
-Glucose
-Glycogen
-Glycolysis

A

Glycolysis

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51
Q

Alcohol and Lactic acid are the products of ________________, which is also known as anaerobic respiration.
-Photosynthesis
-Fermentation
-Photosystem II

A

Fermentation

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52
Q

The Citric Acid Cycle harvests high energy electrons to feed into the Electron transport chain and occurs in the ________________.
-Cytoplasm
-Chloroplast
-Mitochondria

A

Mitochondria

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53
Q

________________ fermentation is used to make products like cheese and yogurt and is used by our muscles when vigorous exercise causes an oxygen debt (muscels run out of available oxygen).
-Alcohol
-Aerobic
-Lactic acid

A

Lactic acid

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54
Q

The electron transport chain in cellular respiration produces many ________________ energy packets perfectly usable by cells.
-ADP
-ATP
-NADPH

A

ATP

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55
Q

The study of heredity which is the passing on of traits from parent to child is called ________________.
-Homeostasis
-Genetics
-Interphase

A

Genetics

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56
Q

A “picture” of chromosomes is called a ________________.
-Haploid
-Mitosis
-Karyotype

A

Karyotype

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57
Q

The parts of DNA that code for proteins and can therefore cause a trait are called ________________.
-Genes
-Sister chromatids
-Proteins

A

Genes

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58
Q

In cells that are still in interphase, the genetic material looks fuzzy and messy, and is called ________________.
-Chromatin material
-Chromosomes
-Spindle fibers

A

Chromatin material

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59
Q

Proteins are made from long strings of amino acids and can be structural or ________________.
-Genetic
-Enzymatic
-Somatic

A

Enzymatic

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60
Q

Long strands of DNA that are complexed with proteins and condense as a cell begins the process of mitosis are called ________________.
-Chromatin
-Chromosomes
-Alleles

A

Chromosomes

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61
Q

Cells that are produced through ________________ have half the genetic information of normal body cells.
-Mitosis
-Meiosis

A

Meiosis

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62
Q

Different versions of the same gene are called ________________.
-Spindle fibers
-Centromeres
-Alleles

A

Alleles

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63
Q

The different observable physical characteristics in an organism are called the ________________.
-Phenotype
-Genotype
-Karyotype

A

Phenotype

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64
Q

Mitosis can be used as asexual reproduction, meaning that the offspring will be genetically ________________ to the parent. An example of this in budding in yeast.
-Different as compared
-Identical

A

Identical

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65
Q

________________ are a pair of chromosomes where both chromosomes have the same genes at the same locations, but can have different versions of those genes. One member of the pair is from your mom and the other is from your dad.
-Sister chromatids
-Homologous chromosomes

A

Homologous chromosomes

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66
Q

A ________________ of an organism refers to the combination of alleles in an organism, or the actual genetic code.
-Genotype
-Phenotype

A

Genotype

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67
Q

________________ are exact copies (duplicate of the chromosome) of each other and are held together at the centromere.
-Sister chromatids
-Homologous chromosomes

A

Sister chromatids

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68
Q

Cells that have homologous pairs of chromosomes are considered ________________, because they have two of each chromosome, like our normal body cells.
-Haploid
-Diploid

A

Diploid

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69
Q

The division of the cytoplasm of a dividing cell forming two new cells.
-Interphase
-Mitosis
-Cytokinesis

A

Cytokinesis

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70
Q

Separating a cell’s duplicated chromosomes.
-Interphase
-Mitosis
-Cytokinesis

A

Mitosis

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71
Q

Formation of a cell wall from the inside-out in plant cells.
-Interphase
-Mitosis
-Cytokinesis

A

Cytokinesis

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72
Q

“normal” cell life; the time between cell divisions.
-Interphase
-Mitosis
-Cytokinesis

A

Interphase

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73
Q

Two new nuclei form.
-Interphase
-Mitosis
-Cytokinesis

A

Mitosis

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74
Q

Building up supplies of cellular parts and copying chromosomes.
-Interphase
-Mitosis
-Cytokinesis

A

Interphase

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75
Q

The sister chromatids come undone at the centromere and are pulled to either end of the cell.
-Metaphase -Telophase
-Anaphase -Prophase

A

Anaphase

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76
Q

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
-Metaphase -Telophase
-Anaphase -Prophase

A

Metaphase

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77
Q

Centrioles divide and move to opposite ends of the cell and chromosomes condense.
-Metaphase -Telophase
-Anaphase -Prophase

A

Prophase

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78
Q

Two new nuclei begin to form.
-Metaphase -Telophase
-Anaphase -Prophase

A

Telophase

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79
Q

________________ are cells that have not yet differentiated into specialized cells.
-Stem cells
-Somatic cells
-Gametes

A

Stem cells

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80
Q

The process of cells taking on different characteristics and jobs is called ________________.
-Mitosis
-Meiosis
-Cell differentiation

A

Cell differentiation

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81
Q

Cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells during development , but not all types of cells are called ________________.
-Totipotent stem cells
-Pluripotent stem cells
-Somatic cells

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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82
Q

________________ genes are a special set of genes in a developing organism that act like a map determining embryonic development.
-Homeotic
-Co-dominant
-Autosomal

A

Homeotic

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83
Q

Cells that have the potential to become any kind of cell after differentiation are called ________________.
-Totipotent stem cells
-Pluripotent stem cells
-Somatic cells

A

Totipotent stem cells

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84
Q

The field of ________________ is mostly concerned with the moral principles that govern biological research and applications of that research.
-Epigenetics
-Bioethics
-Economics

A

Bioethics

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85
Q

The type of stem cells that are present in a zygote and throughout embryonic development are called ________________ stem cells.
-Somatic
-Embryonic
-Promoter

A

Embryonic

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86
Q

________________ is a general word that can refer to a Protozoa and Chromista.
-Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

A

Protist

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87
Q

The Protozoa and Chromista are all ________________, which means that their cells have membrane bound nuclei and membrane bound nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles.
-Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotes

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88
Q

The word ________________ means “first animals”.
-Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

A

Protozoa

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89
Q

Protista are classified based on how they obtain ________________ and how they ________________.
-Food -Protist -Protozoa -Move -Eukaryotes

A

Food; Move

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90
Q

All of the following describe Protozoa except:
-Tend to be heterotrophic
-Tend to be motile
-Are autotrophic

A

Are autotrophic

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91
Q

Which statement describes Flagellates?
-Use cilia to move and absorb food across their membrane
-Have 1 or more flagella and absorb food across their membrane
-Have cilia and ingest their food through an oral groove and gullet

A

Have 1 or more flagella and absorb food across their membrane

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92
Q

The ________________ is able to both make its own food through photosynthesis and absorb food across its membrane.
-Paramecium
-Euglena
-Amoeba

A

Euglena

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93
Q

Sarcodines are known for ________________.
-Making spores at some point during their lifecycle
-Having pseudopodia
-Being covered in cilia

A

Having pseudopodia

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94
Q

The euglena uses ________________ to move.
-Pseudopodia
-Cilia
-Flagella

A

Flagella

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95
Q

Amoeba use ________________ to engulf food, then digest the food in a food vacuole that is created in the process.
-Contractile vacuole
-Pseudopodia
-2 Nuclei

A

Pseudopodia

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96
Q

Some protozoa have small hairlike structures that are used for movement, which are called ________________.
-Cilia
-Flagella
-Pseudopodia

A

Cilia

97
Q

Structures in protozoa that collect and remove excess water and are called ________________.
-Pseudopodia
-Contractile vacuoles
-Flagella

A

Contractile vacuole

98
Q

Some protozoa have long whip-like structures called ________________ that are used for movement.
-Pseudopodia
-Flagella
-Cilia

A

Flagella

99
Q

Some protozoa have ________________, or areas of pigment that detect light.
-Chloroplasts
-Eyespots
-Contractile vacuoles

A

Eyespots

100
Q

Some protozoa are able to form ________________, or protective coatings, when conditions are harsh in order to survive until conditions improve.
-Cysts
-Nuclei
-Food vacuoles

A

Cysts

101
Q

The ________________ is considered a cilate, because it is covered in cilia that enable it to move.
-Amoeba
-Paramecium
-Euglena

A

Paramecium

102
Q

The ________________ are protozoa that are not able to move on their own, form a spore at some point in their life cycle and are all parasitic.
-Ciliates
-Flagellates
-Sporozoans

A

Sporozoans

103
Q

Studying and understanding the ________________ of parasitic protozoa, such as Plasmodium, gives opportunities for preventing the spread of disease and for treating infections.
-Lifecycles
-Structures
-Eyespots

A

Lifecycles

104
Q

Chromista have all characteristics listed below, except for:
-Contain pigments
-Are solely heterotrophic
-Are mostly autotrophic
-Have cellulose in their cell walls

A

Are solely heterotrophic

105
Q

Chromista are known for their colors, caused by ________________, which allow them to perform photosynthesis.
-Cellulose
-Pigments
-Carbohydrates

A

Pigments

106
Q

________________ are a type of Chromista that produce 70% of the oxygen that is made through photosynthesis on our planet
-Diatoms
-Foraminafera
-Algae

A

Algae

107
Q

________________ are a type of Chromista that have silica based shells that can be used industrially as abrasives and insulators.
-Diatoms
-Foraminafera
-Slime molds

A

Diatoms

108
Q

________________ are used as food for humans, a source of salt, a source of vitamins and mineral additives for livestock feed and for making fertilizers
-Diatoms
-Foraminafera
-Algae

A

Algae

109
Q

________________ are used as food for humans, a source of salt, a source of vitamins and mineral additives for livestock feed and for making fertilizers
-Diatoms
-Foraminafera
-Algae

A

Algae

110
Q

Foraminafera are Chromista with hard ________________, or shells that have tiny holes out of which pseudopodia extend.
-Cysts
-Tests
-Spores

A

Tests

111
Q

Slime molds are decomposers that have a two step lifecycle containing a:
-Reproductive phase and a dividing phase
-Feeding phase and a reproductive phase
-Feeding phase and a spreading phase

A

Feeding phase and a reproductive phase

112
Q

________________ water molds live on moist, decaying matter.
-Aquatic
-Land
-Slime

A

Aquatic

113
Q

________________ water molds parasitize plants. The most famous one being Phytophthora infestas which caused the Irish potato blight.
-Aquatic
-Land
-Slime

A

Land

114
Q

Chromista have the basic functions of ________________ and ________________.
-Producing oxygen; decomposer
-Producing Carbon dioxide; decomposer
-Making sugars; releasing energy

A

Producing oxygen; decomposer

115
Q

Mendel worked with pea plants for which of the following reasons?
-They had many easily observable traits
-They reproduce slowly and have a long life cycle
-He could not control pollination of the plants

A

They had many easily observable traits

116
Q

Gregor Mendel is known as the “Father of ________________” because his work with pea plants helped to discover how traits are passed from parent to offspring.
-Genetics -Microbiology
-Microscopy

A

Genetics

117
Q

Genetic variation from parents to offspring and between offspring is generated as factors for different traits are moved into reproductive cells independently. This was described by Mendel as the Principle of:
-Segregation
-Dominance
-Independent assortment

A

Independent assortment

118
Q

To have multiple alleles means to have multiple ________________.
-Variables
-Versions of a gene
-Cell types

A

Versions of a gene

119
Q

Mendel concluded each of the following EXCEPT:
-Each parent contributes one factor
-Inherited traits seem to be a blend of the traits of the parents
-Two factors control each inherited trait
-Traits can either be dominant or recessive

A

Inherited traits seem to be a blend of the traits of the parents

120
Q

Mendel designed his experiment skillfully. Which item below does NOT describe his good experimental technique?
-He had large sample sizes
-He carefully controlled pollination by hand with a paint brush
-He studied multiple variables at a time

A

He studied multiple variables at a time

121
Q

This type of allele blocks the expression of another allele.
-Phenotype -Heterozygous
-Recessive -Genotype
-Dominant -Homozygous

A

Dominant

122
Q

An organism with two dominant or two recessive alleles for a trait, represented by two capital or two lower case letters.
-Phenotype -Heterozygous
-Recessive -Genotype
-Dominant -Homozygous

A

Homozygous

123
Q

This refers to the visible traits in an organism.
-Phenotype -Heterozygous
-Recessive -Genotype
-Dominant -Homozygous

A

Phenotype

124
Q

This refers to the combinations of alleles inherited by an organism and can be represented by Pp, PP or pp.
-Phenotype -Heterozygous
-Recessive -Genotype
-Dominant -Homozygous

A

Genotype

125
Q

When an organism has two different types of alleles for a given gene. This can be represented by a capital and lower case letter.
-Phenotype -Heterozygous
-Recessive -Genotype
-Dominant -Homozygous

A

Heterozygous

126
Q

This type of allele is blocked or masked by the other allele.
-Phenotype -Heterozygous
-Recessive -Genotype
-Dominant -Homozygous

A

Recessive

127
Q

A trait seems to be a blend of two alleles.
-Incomplete Dominance
-Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles
-Multiple gene interactions
-Sex-linked traits

A

Incomplete Dominance

128
Q

The sex chromosomes X and Y carry the gene that determines the trait, not the autosomes.
-Incomplete Dominance
-Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles
-Multiple gene interactions
-Sex-linked traits

A

Sex-linked traits

129
Q

There are several different options for versions of a gene that determine a trait
-Incomplete Dominance
-Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles
-Multiple gene interactions
-Sex-linked traits

A

Multiple Alleles

130
Q

A trait is determined by several (more than 2) different segments of DNA that code for a protein.
-Incomplete Dominance
-Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles
-Multiple gene interactions
-Sex-linked traits

A

Multiple gene interactions

131
Q

Two alleles are expressed.
-Incomplete Dominance
-Co-dominance -Multiple Alleles
-Multiple gene interactions
-Sex-linked traits

A

Co-dominance

132
Q

This tool is generated by gathering information about as many family members as possible, in order to look at patterns of inheritance for a particular trait over several generations.
-Pedigree -Test cross
-Punnett square

A

Pedigree

133
Q

This tool is used to determine possible genotypes of offspring and the likelihood of producing offspring with certain traits.
-Pedigree -Test cross
-Punnett square

A

Punnett square

134
Q

This method breeds an organism of a known genotype with one of an unknown genotype in order to determine its genotype.
-Pedigree -Test cross
-Punnett square

A

Test cross

135
Q

________________ is the process in which genetic information is activated to make a genetic product, such as protein.
-Cell differentiation
-Gene expression
-Homeostasis

A

Gene expression

136
Q

________________ factors, like hormones in pregnancy, affect the production of proteins from genes in DNA.
-Structural DNA
-Temperature
-Environmental

A

Environmental

137
Q

________________ are sequences of DNA, like TATA box, that come before a gene and tell the RNA polymerase where to bind to encourage transcription of a gene.
-Homeotic genes
-Promoters -Silencers

A

Promoters

138
Q

________________ are DNA sequences that act like switches to “turn on” gene transcription.
-Silencers -Enhancers -Genes

A

Enhancers

139
Q

________________ proteins bind to enhancers and silencers to control gene transcription.
-Regulatory -Antibody -Enhancer

A

Regulatory

140
Q

Chemical stimuli and even light and temperature may have an effect on the ________________ of genes, thereby affecting the development of organisms.
-Copying -Expression -Presence

A

Expression

141
Q

________________ are DNA sequences that act like switches to “turn off” or stop transcription of a gene.
-Silencers -Enhancers -Genes

A

Silencers

142
Q

The process of cells taking on different characteristics and jobs is called ________________.
-Mitosis
-Meiosis
-Cell differentiation

A

Cell differentiation

143
Q

The area of science that studies how changes such as the addition of acetyl groups to histones and methyl groups to DNA can cause changes in gene expression is called:
-Bioethics -Epigenetics -Genetics

A

Epigenetics

144
Q

Sex-linked traits tend to show up in males because the ______ chromosome is smaller than the other sex determining chromosome, so men would only need one copy of a gene that causes the sex linked trait.
-Y -X

A

Y

145
Q

________________ is the science of classifying organisms into groups.
-Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification
-Classification -Taxonomy

A

Taxonomy

146
Q

Finding out what groups a known organism belongs to (such as finding out the name of a bird in your backyard) is called ________________.
-Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification
-Classification -Taxonomy

A

Identification

147
Q

Classification groups are called ________________.
-Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification
-Classification -Taxonomy

A

Taxa

148
Q

Aristotle and Linneaus’ ________________ systems both consisted of plant and animals.
-Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification
-Classification -Taxonomy

A

Classification

149
Q

Scientific naming of organisms that involves two names is called ________________.
-Taxa -Binomial nomenclature -Identification
-Classification -Taxonomy

A

Binomial Nomenclature

150
Q

Saying to remember the taxa:

A

Do kangaroos prefer cake or icing generally speaking

151
Q

Latin was chosen as a primary language for scientific naming for all the following reasons except:
-Latin wasn’t known by anyone
-Latin was a descriptive language
-Latin was “dead”, or not a spoken language, so it was not changing

A

Latin wasn’t known by anyone

152
Q

Which of the following in NOT a domain name?
-Bacteria
-Protozoa
-Eukarya

A

Protozoa

153
Q

A ________________ is a group of organisms with similar characteristics although there can be some variation between them. More technically, members of this group need to be able to reproduce to make viable and fertile offspring.
-Domain -Species -Colony

A

Species

154
Q

The name Archaea refers to Carl Woese’s belief that this group of organisms was ________________.
-Small -Old -Unique

A

Old

155
Q

Archaea have the following characteristics except:
-Isoprene in their cell walls that make them flexible and able to withstand extreme conditions.
-Membrane bound nuclei and organelles
-Are unicellular, but able to form colonies

A

Membrane bound nuclei and organelles

156
Q

Which name does NOT represent a type of archaea?
-Escherichia coli
-Methanogens
-Thermophiles

A

Escherichia coli

157
Q

T/F Archaea and Bacteria both have nuclei.

A

False

158
Q

T/F There were genetic differences between organisms that led to the formation of 3 domains.

A

True

159
Q

T/F Most bacteria cause disease

A

False

160
Q

T/F Bacteria are important for survival and flourishing of other organisms

A

True

161
Q

T/F Bacterial cells are about the same size as eukaryotic cells

A

False

162
Q

Bacteria contain what component in their cell walls?
-Peptidoglycan -Isoprene -Phospholipid

A

Peptidoglycan

163
Q

While bacteria contain a large double stranded circular chromosome, they also have smaller pieces of DNA called ________________ that might only contain a few nonessential genes.
-Flagella -Phage -Plasmids

A

Plasmids

164
Q

Some bacteria have long thread-like structures called ________________ that enable them to move around.
-Cilia
-Plasmids
-Flagella

A

Flagella

165
Q

Some bacteria have ________________, which are sticky carbohydrate, that help protect them from drying out or being attacked by immune cells.
-Cell membranes -Capsules -Cell walls

A

Capsules

166
Q

Bacteria reproduce by a process called ________________ which produces genetically identical cells.
-Mitosis -Binomial nomenclature -Binary fission

A

Binary fission

167
Q

Even though there is no exchange or variation in genetic information through reproduction in bacteria through ________________.
-Conjugation -Binary fission -Classification

A

Conjugation

168
Q

Transduction in bacteria involves ________________, which are viruses that infect only bacterial cells.
-Plasmids -Bacteriophage -Peptidoglycan

A

Bacteriophage

169
Q

Through the process of ________________ one bacteria is able to pass a copy of a plasmid to another bacteria through a hollow tube connecting the bacteria.
-Conjugation -Transformation -Transduction

A

Conjugation

170
Q

Growth of bacteria can be SLOWED by which of the following:
-Giving them an optimal temperature for binary fission
-Limiting the amount of available food
-Providing ample moisture
-Increasing temperature to room temperature

A

Limiting the amount of available food

171
Q

A microbiologist studies ________________.
-Organisms so far away they need to be studied with a telescope.
-Organisms that only live in the ocean
-Organisms so small they need to be studied with a microscope

A

Organisms so small they need to be studied with a microscope

172
Q

________________ refers to the idea that bacteria and viruses have certain conditions under which they an grow and replicate best. For bacteria, this involves a certain temperature and moisture range. For viruses, this involves a certain type of host and type of cell within the host.
-Decomposition -Specificity -Morphology

A

Specificity

173
Q

Which of the following statements provides correct information that shows that viruses are not living things?
-Viruses can only reproduce using host cell machinery
-Viruses are made of one or more cells
-Viruses do not have genetic information of their own

A

Viruses can only reproduce using host cell machinery

174
Q

Viruses typically have which 3 parts?
-Nucleus, capsid, envelope
-Envelope, ribosomes, Nucleic acid core
-Nucleic acid core, capsid, envelope

A

Nucleic acid core, capsid, envelope

175
Q

If a virus has been integrated into the host cell genome and is not causing symptoms of the disease it is likely in the ________________ phase.
-Lysogenic -Lyctic

A

Lysogenic

176
Q

Given the following translations, what is the likely scientific name for the “large waterleaf”? (macro=large; hydro=water; helia=sun)
-Helianthus annus
-Hydrophyllum macrophyllum
-Hydrophyllym microphyllum

A

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum

177
Q

T/F Cell structure (Animal Kingdom)
____ Are prokaryotic
____ Are Eukaryotic
____ Have cell walls made of chitin
____ Do not have cell walls

A

F
T
F
T

178
Q

T/F Nutrition (Animal Kingdom)
____ Are heterotrophic
____ Make their own food
____ Some are parasitic and pathogenic

A

T
F
T

179
Q

T/F Reproduction (Animal Kingdom)
____ Reproduce sexually
____ Only reproduce asexually
____ Have stages of embryonic development

A

T
F
T

180
Q

T/F Motility (Animal Kingdom)
____ Most are able to move around with the help of muscles
____ Never have endoskeletons
____ May have hydroskeletons

A

T
F
T

181
Q

Platyhelminthes
-Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

A

Flatworms

182
Q

Annelida
-Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

A

Segmented worms

183
Q

Mollusca
-Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

A

Octopi, clams, squid

184
Q

Nematoda
-Roundworms -Segmented worms -Octopi, clams and squid -Flatworms

A

roundworms

185
Q

Exchanging gases with the environment is called:
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Respiration

186
Q

Shells, feathers, and skin are all types of body coverings that are used in :
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Protection

187
Q

Animals that have ________________ are supported by a flexible, light internal system of bones or cartilage.
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Endoskeletons

188
Q

Since animals are ________________, they must be able to ________________, or take in food, digest food and assimilate the nutrients from food.
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Heterotrophic, Ingest

189
Q

________________ is the removal of waste materials.
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Excretion

190
Q

When a planaria senses the presence of light and coordinates movements to move away from light, this is called showing a:
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Response

191
Q

________________ is the transport of materials throughout an animal.
-Heterotrophic -Respiration -Endoskeletons
-Protection -Response -Circulation -Ingest
-Excretion

A

Circulation

192
Q

Concentration of sensory and nerve cells at one end
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Cephalization

193
Q

Cannot be divided into equal halves
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Asymmetrical

194
Q

Animals without a backbone
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Invertebrates

195
Q

Animal that can be divided by a cut through the center of the animal in any direction
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Radially symmetric

196
Q

Animal that has a body temperature that is behaviorally regulated
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Endothermic

197
Q

Animal that has a body temperature that is behaviorally regulated
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Ectothermic

198
Q

Animal that can be divided in mirror image right and left sides by a longitudinal cut
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Bilaterally symmetric

199
Q

Animals with a backbone
-Invertebrates -Vertebrates -Endothermic
-Asymmetrical -Radially symmetric
-Bilaterally symmetric -Cephalization

A

Vertebrates

200
Q

Which is the proper order of body layers during the development of worms listed from inside to outside?
-1.Endoderm 2.mesoderm 3.ectoderm
-1.Ectoderm 2.mesoderm 3.endoderm
-1.Mesoderm 2.ectoderm 3.endoderm

A

1.Endoderm 2.mesoderm 3.ectoderm

201
Q

The ________________ of nematodes refers to their ability to live in all different kinds of environments throughout the world, while their ________________ refers to the ability of a particular kind of nematode to live in only a certain host and a certain part of the host.
-Specificity; versatility -Cephalization; versatility
-Versatility; specificity

A

Versatility; specificity

202
Q

The name Annelida comes from the description:
-Flat worms -Little rings -Stinging nettles

A

Little rings

203
Q

Planaria are able to do all of the following except:
-Sense light
-Regenerate a full worm from a tiny fragment
-Be protected from digestion in a host by thick skin

A

Be protected from digestion in a host by thick skin

204
Q

Which of the following is NOT a parasitic roundworm?
-Guinea worm -Tapeworm -Ascaris

A

Tapeworm

205
Q

Parasitic flatworms are likely to have what structures?
-Thick tegument and hooks or suckers for attachment
-Sensory organs for finding food and cilia for movement
-Thin moist skin for diffusion and hooks for attachment

A

Thick tegument and hooks or suckers for attachment

206
Q

Bristles for anchoring
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Setae

207
Q

Stores food
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Crop

208
Q

Grinds food
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Gizzard

209
Q

Make mucus that becomes the cocoon; thickened band around the worm
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Clitellum

210
Q

Transfer blood from dorsal to ventral blood vessels
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Aortic arches

211
Q

Carries nerve signals down the worm
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve cord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Ventral nerve cord

212
Q

Contract to shorten the worm for movement
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve chord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Longitudinal muscles

213
Q

Receives sperm from another worm through mating
-Crop -Aortic arches -Longitudinal muscles
-Gizzard -Seminal Receptical -Ventral nerve chord
-Clitellum -Setae

A

Seminal receptacle

214
Q

Secretes the shell and encloses vital organs
-Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump
-Shell

A

Mantle

215
Q

Contains the heart, digestive organs and excretory organs
-Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump
-Shell

A

Visceral hump

216
Q

Fleshy and muscular organ that is used in locomotion
-Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump
-Shell

A

Foot

217
Q

Small organ covering in teeth that can scrape food particles into the mouth
-Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump
-Shell

A

Radula

218
Q

Hard, protective covering
-Foot -Mantle -Radula -Visceral hump
-Shell

A

Shell

219
Q

What does gastropod mean and what is an example?
-Two-shelled, clam
-Stomach footed, snail
-Head footed, cuttlefish

A

Stomach footed, snail

220
Q

What structure of clams is important in both respiration and in obtaining nutrition because it allows for gas exchange and trapping food particles?
-Digestive gland -Adductor muscle -Gills

A

Gills

221
Q

What structure of clams is important in both support and protection?
-The visceral hump -The foot -The shell

A

The shell

222
Q

Clams have various sense organs that can respond to:
-Balance cues, touch and substances in water
-Sound, touch and light
-Only movement

A

Balance cues, touch and substances in water

223
Q

________________ published the first microscopic illustrations in 1630
-Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens
-Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

A

Stelluti

224
Q

________________ developed a microscope and published a book called Micrographia containing illustrations from his studies. He coined the term “cell” after looking at cork tissue under a microscope.
-Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens
-Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

A

Hooke

225
Q

This word is derived from word parts that mean “small” and “to see”: ________________
-Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens
-Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

A

Microscope

226
Q

The ________________ mounted lenses in adjustable tubes, making a type of ________________ microscope.
-Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens
-Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

A

Jansens; compound

227
Q

________________ made microscopes with only one lens, which are called ________________ microscopes, that were able to magnify objects over 200 times.
-Simple -Leeuwenhoek -Hooke -Jansens
-Compound -Stelluti -Microscope

A

Leeuwenhoek; simple

228
Q

The ability of a lens to enlarge an image compared to the real object is called ________________.
-Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction
-Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

A

Magnification

229
Q

Light is ________________ when its waves travel through a material.
-Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction
-Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

A

Transmitted

230
Q

The ability to tell that two separate points or objects are separate is called ________________.
-Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction
-Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

A

Resolution

231
Q

________________ refers to light waves bouncing off an object. This then causes us to see a duplicate of an image.
-Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction
-Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

A

Reflection

232
Q

________________ occurs when a material captures the energy of a light wave.
-Reflection -Transmitted -Refraction
-Magnification -Absorption -Resolution

A

Absorption

233
Q

________________ is the apparent change of direction of light waves, but is really the slight change in the speed at which light is traveling as it passes through different materials.

A

Refraction

234
Q

What would the magnification of an object viewed on this microscope be if the magnification of the eyepiece is 10 and the magnification of the objective lens is 40?

A

400x

235
Q

Name and describe in a complete sentence one important use/function of bacteria.

A

Bacteria are essential for making foods like yogurt and buttermilk

236
Q

What two types of inheritance are exemplified in the inheritance of blood type? Name and describe them using full sentences.

A

Blood type AB is an example of co-dominance because two alleles are expressed. EAe and EBe or A and B type blood are examples of inheritance by multiple alleles because EAe and EBe are a blend of EA and e or EB and e.

237
Q

Malaria. (1) state the name of the disease, (2) the type of organism that causes it, (3) the route of infection, (4) basic symptoms of the disease, (5) who is affected by the disease and what are (6) possible treatments and ways of preventing the spread of the disease.

A

Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites and is spread by an infected female mosquito’s bite. Symptoms of malaria are a fever, headache and chills.The people most affected by Malaria are children 5 years old and under and pregnant women. Most cases of Malaria are in Africa. A possible prevention would be a vaccine and bug spray could prevent malaria.

238
Q

Write all 3 parts of cell theory.

A

-All cells arise from preexisting cells.
-Cells are the fundamental, structural and functional units of all living things.
-All living things are composed of cells.

Biology 1 (4 decks)

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