Animal kingdom, worms and mollusks Flashcards
1
Q
What domain and kingdom do animals belong to?
A
Domain Eukarya, kingdom Animalia
2
Q
The study of the animal kingdom
A
Zoology
3
Q
able to move around
A
motile
4
Q
In clams these organs accomplish respiration and help with nutrition
A
gills
5
Q
Clams have _________ organs that let them receive balance, touch and chemical cues.
A
sense
6
Q
The type of cells that make up animals
A
eukaryotic
7
Q
In mollusks this secretes the shell and encloses vital organs
A
mantle
8
Q
The ___________ hump in mollusks contains the heart and digestive organs.
A
visceral
9
Q
A hard protective covering that mollusks have.
A
shell
10
Q
Part of earthworm that makes mucus to become the cocoon, looks like a thick band
A
clitellum
11
Q
A type of chord that runs the length of the worm carrying messages
A
nerve
12
Q
Muscular part of earthworm digestive system that grinds food.
A
gizzard
13
Q
A stomach-footed mollusk
A
gastropod
14
Q
Type of muscles in earthworm that contract to shorten the worm for movement
A
longitudinal
15
Q
In mollusks this is a fleshy and muscular organ used in locomotion
A
foot
16
Q
A two shelled mollusk
A
bivalve
17
Q
The ______________ receptacle receives sperm from another earthworm through mating
A
seminal
18
Q
In some mollusks this is used to scrape food particles and is covered in teeth
A
radula
19
Q
Type of muscles in earthworm that contract to lengthen the worm
A
circular
20
Q
Food storage in earthworm digestive system
A
crop
21
Q
The type of development that animals have because they are multicellular
A
embryonic
22
Q
Bristles the earthworm has for anchoring
A
setae
23
Q
The middle body layer during development
A
mesoderm
24
Q
An animal that derives its body heat from metabolism
A
endothermic
25
Phyla including Clams, Squid and Octopi
molluska
26
Cannot be divided into equal halves
asymmetrical
27
The inner most body layer during development
endoderm
28
Type of symmetry- an animal can be divided by a longitudinal cut to form mirror sides
bilateral
29
Type of symmetry that divided an animal by a cut through the center in any direction
radial
30
Animals that do not have a backbone
invertebrates
31
Phyla of segmented worms
annelida
32
Organisms that need to ingest food
heterotrophs
33
Provided by body coverings like fur, feathers and skin
protection
34
The outer body layer during development
ectoderm
35
An animal that has a body temperature that is behaviorally regulated
ectothermic
36
Exchanging gases with the environment
respiration
37
Term that refers to nematode's ability to live in all kinds of environment
versatility
38
Phyla of flatworms
plathyhelminthes
39
The transport of materials throughout an animal
circulation
40
Concentration of sensory and nerve cells at one end of the body
cephalization
41
The ability of an animal to sense a stimuli and act on that info
response
42
Animals that do have a backbone
vertebrates
43
Phyla of roundworms
nemtoda
44
Term that refers to nematode's need to live only in certain parts of certain hosts
specificity
45
Structures animals have for motility:
-Endoskeletons
-Exoskeletons
-Hydroskeletons
46
The arrangement of physical features that contribute to structure and form
Body Plan
47
What does assymetrical mean?
No symmetry
48
Permanently fixed to an object
Sessile
49
A structure found in many soft bodied animals, consisting of a fluid filled cavity, the coelem surrounded by muscles
Endoskeleton
50
Flexible, lighter internal system of bones or cartilage
Exoskeleton
51
A body covering or behavior to protect the animal from predators.
Hydroskeleton
52
How they obtain food for nutrients and energy
Nutrition
53
Taking in food
Ingestion
54
Breaking down food into substances the animal can use
digestion
55
Getting rid of wastes
Excretion
56
Making more of an animal. Animal's fertilized zygotes go through embryonic stages as the develop
Reproduction
57
General characteristics of worms:
-Soft, long bodies
-few to no appendages
-bilateral symmetry
-cephalization
58
Need to know about Planaria:
-Can regenerate from a tiny fragment with stem cells
-Have eyespots to sense light
-Have chemoreceptors
59
Differences between parasitic flatworms and free living flatworms:
(Need protection from digestive juices of host and a way to stay attached to host)
-Few sense organs
-No external cilia in adults
-Thick tegumant
-Suckers or hooks for attachment to a host
60
Sheep liver fluke is an example of what?
A parasitic flatworm
61
What 2 structures do parasitic flatworms need to have?
-Thick tegument
-Suckers or hooks for attachment
62
How do tapeworms stay stuck in a host?
Using suckers or hooks
63
Contain both male and female reproductive organs
ploglottids
64
Characteristics of roundworms:
-tiny
-inhabit almost every environment
-specificity of where they live
-versatile
65
Example of a parasitic roundworm:
Guinea worm
66
What does the name "annelida" mean?
little rings
67
Segmentation of annelida internal, external or both?
both
68
Where do most annelids live?
Salt water
69
A thin membrane in annelida
septa
70
What are 2 aspects of how earthworms accomplish movement?
-Setae
-2 muscle layers (Circular and Longitudal)
71
What do earthworms have for support?
-muscular layers
-Hydrostatic skeleton
72
What do earthworms have for protection?
Body covering- protective cuticle and mucus
73
Pathway of food from mouth to anus in earthworms:
(6)
-pharynx- esophagus- crop- gizzard(grinds food)
- intestines(digestive enzymes)- anus
74
How does respiration occur in the earthworm?
Gases exchange through the epidermis and get carried to the animal's tissues by tiny blood vessels
75
What kind of circulatory system do worms have?
closed
76
Main parts of the circulatory system in the earthworm:
-Dorsal and Ventral blood vessels
-5 pairs of aortic arches
77
What part contracts in the the earthworm's circulatory system?
Dorsal blood vessel
78
What does the nephridia in an earthworm do?
Filter wastes from the blood and expels wastes into the coelem or through pores in the worm's skin
79
What 3 main structures are used in the response of worm life processes?
-"brain" or ganglia
-Ventral nerve cord
-Smaller ganglia within each segment
80
What does it mean that worms are hermaphroditic?
-2 pairs of male testes (in segments 10 & 11)
-Pair of ovaries (in segment 13)
81
Difference between seminal vesicles and seminal receptacles:
Sperm is held in the seminal vesicle and is transferred to the seminal receptacles of the other worm
82
Where does the cocoon of the worm come from?
The citellum
83
What does the cocoon do after mating?
2-3 weeks later the worms emerge
84
Common structures in mollusks:
-Foot
-Mantle
-Radula
-Visceral hump
-Shell
-Gills
85
3 main types of mollusks:
Class:
-Bivalva
-Gastropoda
-Cephalopoda
86
Example of a Bivalva mollusk
clams, oysters, scallops
87
Example of a Gastropoda mollusk
snails, slugs
88
Example of a Cephalopods mollusk
squids, octopuses, nudibranches
89
Key characteristics of a Bivalva mollusk:
-2 shells
90
Key characteristics of a gastropoda mollusk:
-usually have one valve (shell)
-Have a radula
91
Key characteristics of a cephalopoda mollusk:
-special defense mechanisms ex: ink
92
How Bivalve mollusks accomplish the 9 main life processes:
1. movement
2.support
3. protection
4. nutrition
5. respiration
6. circulation
7. excretion
8. response
9. reproduction
~Movement- burrowing
~Support- the shell
~Protection- the shell
~Nutrition- filter feed
~Respiration- gills
~Circulation- open system w/ heart and blood vessels
~Excretion- kidney
~Response- nervous system w/3 major ganglia, nerves and sense organs
~Reproduction- Sexual (includes larval stage)
