BIOLOGY FINAL

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are composed of cells

2. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Prokaryotes (8)

Answer 2

nucleoid
free ribosomes
cell wall and cell membrane
no internal membrane bound structures
smaller
older
binary fission
simple

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

nucleus
free and bound ribosomes
cell membrane and some have cell walls
internal membrane bound structures
larger
newer
mitosis
complex

Question 4

What do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?

Answer 4

both have genetic material
both have free ribosomes
both have cell membranes
cell division occurs

Question 5

Endomembrane System

*No one eats goats like Victor Perez

Answer 5

• Nuclear envelope
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Vacuoles
• Plasma membrane

Question 6

Nuclear envelope

Answer 6

A double membrane that encloses the nucleus perforated with pores that regulate traffic within the cytoplasm.

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

smooth and rough ER: the rough ER has ribosomes that stud the outer surface of the membrane and the smooth ER: lacks attached ribosomes

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

Molecular warehouse and finishing factory for products manufactured by the ER
• One side of a Golgi stack serves as a receiving dock for transport vesicles produced by the ER and the other side gives rise to vesicles, which bud off and travel to other sites
• A vesicle fuses with a Golgi sac, adding its membrane and contents to the receiving side

Question 9

Relationship between Golgi Apparatus and ER

Answer 9

The Golgi receives transport vesicles that bud from the ER and that contain proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to the ER. The Golgi finishes processing the proteins and then dispatches transport vesicles that secrete the proteins to the outside of the cell.

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

membranous sacs of digestive enzymes, which provide an acidic environment for its enzymes and fuse with food vacuoles, digest the food, and the release nutrients into the cell
• Recycling center for animal cells
o Breaks down damaged organelles and recycles their molecules

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

large vesicles with different functions: food vacuoles, vacuoles in flowers, central vacuole – stores water and helps the cell grow in size (plant)

Question 12

Plasma membrane

Answer 12

permeable boundary that encloses the living cell composed of a phospholipid bilayer
• Phospholipid bilayer
o Hydrophilic heads (attracted to water)
o Hydrophobic tails (fear of water)