Biology Essentials - DNA synthesis Flashcards
How many amino acids are there in humans?
21
What is an essential amino acid?
An amino acid not made or made in too low quantities in the body
What is a non-essential amino acid?
An amino acid produced in enough quantities the body
What is a polar amino acid?
.
What does an amino acid contain?
An amino group and carboxylic group
What is the primary protein shape?
The sequence of amino acids within a protein
What is the secondary protein shape?
.
What is the Tertiary protein shape?
the three dimensional shape of a protein
What is the Quaternary protein shape?
Quaternary structures exist in proteins with two or more polypeptide chains
What is a big factor that determines whether something will bind to a receptor site?
The shape
What determines the shape of a molecule?
The order of the linear amino acid chain
What is a polarity?
The distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond
What determines where the amino acids are placed?
DNA, tRNA, mRNA
What does RNA do?
convert the information stored in DNA into proteins
How do polar amino acids react to water?
They are hydrophilic
How do non-polar amino acids react to water?
They are hydrophobic
What is transcription?
The base sequence of the gene is copied into an mRNA template
What is translation?
The mRNA attaches to a ribosome, then amino acids attach to the corresponding amino acids on the mRNA
What is the structure of DNA?
A double-stranded molecule consisting of a long sequence of 4 types of nucleotides
What are proteins?
Polymers of amino acids
Where does transcription occur?
The nucleus
Where does translation occur?
The cytoplasm
