Question 1

Give some topics you could use for -The importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms

Accepted Answer

- Enzyme properties and digestion - Antigens, antibodies, B cells and T cells - Structure of DNA - DNA replication - Transcription and translation - Restriction enzymes - Gene technologies requiring base pairing - Muscle contraction - Action potentials and synaptic transmission - Control of blood glucose concentration

Question 2

Give some topics you could use for -How bacteria can affect the lives of humans and other organisms.

Accepted Answer

- Pathogens and disease - Resistance to antibiotics - Carbon cycle - Nitrogen cycle - Eutrophication - Use of bacterial enzymes in gene technology - Use of bacterial plasmids - Non-pathogenic bacteria in immune defence

Question 3

Give some topics you could write for -The importance of receptors in living organisms

Accepted Answer

- Immune system - Nerve impulses - Survival and responses - Homeostasis - Control of heart rate

Question 4

Give some topics you could write for -The importance of movement in living organisms

Accepted Answer

- DNA replication - Gas exchange - Evolution/speciation - Mass transport - Protein synthesis - Meiosis - Transprt across membranes

Question 5

Give some topics you could write for -The cause of disease in humans

Accepted Answer

- Pathogens - Lifestyle (eg smoking, pollution, cancer) - HIV - Genetics

Question 6

Give some topics you could write for -Polymers have different structures and functions. Describe how structures are related to functions.

Accepted Answer

- Storage molecules (glycogen, starch) - Informational molecules (DNA, RNA) - Immune response (antibodies) - Enzymes - Structural molecules (cellulose, keratin, collagen)

Question 7

Give some topics you could write for -The importance to humans of the control of growth, reproduction and development, including themselves.

Accepted Answer

Genetics - production of inherited conditions Succession - types of succession, conservation Pathogens and antibiotic resistance - aseptic techniques, immunity Human influence on biodiversity - conservation, fertilisers Selective breeding - pest control, productivity Regulation of gene expression, mitosis and cancer

Question 8

Give some topics you could write for -The importance of responses to changes in the external and internal environment of an organism.

Accepted Answer

- Immune response - Transpiration - Adaptation and selection - Control of heart rate - Homeostasis - Taxes, kineses and tropism

Question 9

Give some topics you could write for -Cells are easy to distinguish by their shape. How are the shapes of cells related to their functions?

Accepted Answer

- Red blood cells (biconcave for increased surface area) - Neurones (dendrites and synaptic connections, long distances) - Muscle cells (elongated with rows of sarcomeres) - Sperm cells (beating tail and streamlined to help sperm move and find egg cell) - Leaf cell (palisade mesophyll are elongated) - Root hair (cells increase SA for water absorption and ion absorption) - Bacterial cell (rotating flagellum)

Question 10

Give some topics you could write for -Cycles in biology

Accepted Answer

- Nitrogen cycle - Phosphorous cycle - Krebs cycle - Calvin cycle - Cell cycle - Cardiac cycle

Question 11

Give some topics you could write for -Rising temperatures may result in physiological and ecological effects on organisms. Describe and explain these effects.

Accepted Answer

- Effect on gas exchange (in plants through evaporation and in mammals through decreased affinity for oxygen) - Effect on proteins (denature, increased rate of enzyme activity) - Effect on transpiration - Effect on food webs (changes to niches, earlier springs, less habitats) - Effect on growth and reproduction (spread of pathogens, effect on human health) - Effect on agriculture due to change in environment

Question 12

Give some topics you could write for -How inorganic ions are used in living organisms.

Accepted Answer

- Action potentials and nerve transmission - Nitrogen cycle - Fertilisers and plant growth - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Mass transport in plants and animals - pH and enzymes

Question 13

Give some topics you could write for -Importance of water and water regulation in living organisms

Accepted Answer

- Solvent for transport (Translocation and blood) - Metabolic reactions - Cells and support - Exchange - Temperature regulations - Muscles - Tissue fluid - Digestion - Respiration

Question 14

Give some topics you could write for -The importance of ATP in living organisms.

Accepted Answer

- Muscle contraction - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Blood glucose concentration - Active transport of ions - Sight - Protein synthesis

Question 15

Give some topics you could write for -The importance of proteins in the control of processes and responses in organisms

Accepted Answer

- DNA (enzymes, histones) - Haemoglobin - Immunology - Transport across membranes - Coenzymes, enzymes and intrinsic proteins in respiration - Coenzymes, enzymes and intrinsic proteins in photosynthesis - Enzymes in digestion

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Biology Essays Flashcards

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