Biology Essays Flashcards
Give some topics you could use for
-The importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms
- Enzyme properties and digestion
- Antigens, antibodies, B cells and T cells
- Structure of DNA
- DNA replication
- Transcription and translation
- Restriction enzymes
- Gene technologies requiring base pairing
- Muscle contraction
- Action potentials and synaptic transmission
- Control of blood glucose concentration
Give some topics you could use for
-How bacteria can affect the lives of humans and other organisms.
- Pathogens and disease
- Resistance to antibiotics
- Carbon cycle
- Nitrogen cycle
- Eutrophication
- Use of bacterial enzymes in gene technology
- Use of bacterial plasmids
- Non-pathogenic bacteria in immune defence
Give some topics you could write for
-The importance of receptors in living organisms
- Immune system
- Nerve impulses
- Survival and responses
- Homeostasis
- Control of heart rate
Give some topics you could write for
-The importance of movement in living organisms
- DNA replication
- Gas exchange
- Evolution/speciation
- Mass transport
- Protein synthesis
- Meiosis
- Transprt across membranes
Give some topics you could write for
-The cause of disease in humans
- Pathogens
- Lifestyle (eg smoking, pollution, cancer)
- HIV
- Genetics
Give some topics you could write for
-Polymers have different structures and functions. Describe how structures are related to functions.
- Storage molecules (glycogen, starch)
- Informational molecules (DNA, RNA)
- Immune response (antibodies)
- Enzymes
- Structural molecules (cellulose, keratin, collagen)
Give some topics you could write for
-The importance to humans of the control of growth, reproduction and development, including themselves.
Genetics - production of inherited conditions
Succession - types of succession, conservation
Pathogens and antibiotic resistance - aseptic techniques, immunity
Human influence on biodiversity - conservation, fertilisers
Selective breeding - pest control, productivity
Regulation of gene expression, mitosis and cancer
Give some topics you could write for
-The importance of responses to changes in the external and internal environment of an organism.
- Immune response
- Transpiration
- Adaptation and selection
- Control of heart rate
- Homeostasis
- Taxes, kineses and tropism
Give some topics you could write for
-Cells are easy to distinguish by their shape. How are the shapes of cells related to their functions?
- Red blood cells (biconcave for increased surface area)
- Neurones (dendrites and synaptic connections, long distances)
- Muscle cells (elongated with rows of sarcomeres)
- Sperm cells (beating tail and streamlined to help sperm move and find egg cell)
- Leaf cell (palisade mesophyll are elongated)
- Root hair (cells increase SA for water absorption and ion absorption)
- Bacterial cell (rotating flagellum)
Give some topics you could write for
-Cycles in biology
- Nitrogen cycle
- Phosphorous cycle
- Krebs cycle
- Calvin cycle
- Cell cycle
- Cardiac cycle
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-Rising temperatures may result in physiological and ecological effects on organisms. Describe and explain these effects.
- Effect on gas exchange (in plants through evaporation and in mammals through decreased affinity for oxygen)
- Effect on proteins (denature, increased rate of enzyme activity)
- Effect on transpiration
- Effect on food webs (changes to niches, earlier springs, less habitats)
- Effect on growth and reproduction (spread of pathogens, effect on human health)
- Effect on agriculture due to change in environment
Give some topics you could write for
-How inorganic ions are used in living organisms.
- Action potentials and nerve transmission
- Nitrogen cycle
- Fertilisers and plant growth
- Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Mass transport in plants and animals
- pH and enzymes
Give some topics you could write for
-Importance of water and water regulation in living organisms
- Solvent for transport (Translocation and blood)
- Metabolic reactions
- Cells and support
- Exchange
- Temperature regulations
- Muscles
- Tissue fluid
- Digestion
- Respiration
Give some topics you could write for
-The importance of ATP in living organisms.
- Muscle contraction
- Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Blood glucose concentration
- Active transport of ions
- Sight
- Protein synthesis
Give some topics you could write for
-The importance of proteins in the control of processes and responses in organisms
- DNA (enzymes, histones)
- Haemoglobin
- Immunology
- Transport across membranes
- Coenzymes, enzymes and intrinsic proteins in respiration
- Coenzymes, enzymes and intrinsic proteins in photosynthesis
- Enzymes in digestion
