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GCSE Biology > Biology: Ecology > Flashcards

Biology: Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is habitat

A

place where organisms live

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2
Q

what is population

A

all the organisms of one species who live in a habitat

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3
Q

what is community

A

populations of different species living in a habitat

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4
Q

what is abiotic factors

A

non-living factors of the environment

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5
Q

what is biotic factors

A

living factors of the environment

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6
Q

what is ecosystem

A

the interaction of a community of living organisms with non-living parts of their environment

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7
Q

what four resources do plants need

A

light
space
water
nutrients

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8
Q

what four resources do animals need

A

territory
food
water
mates

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9
Q

what is interdependence

A

species depending on other species for food, shelter, pollination and seed dispersal

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10
Q

give 8 abiotic factors that can vary in an ecosystem

A 
moisture level
light intensity
temperature
carbon dioxide
wind
oxygen level
soil pH
mineral content
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11
Q

give 4 biotic factors that can vary in an ecosystem

A

new predator
competition
new pathogens
availability of food

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of adaptations

A

structural
behavioural
functional

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13
Q

give 3 examples of structural adaptations

A

arctic animals have white fur so they’re camouflage
whales have thick layer of blubber and low surface area to volume ratio
camels have thin layer of fat and a large surface area to volume ratio

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14
Q

what are behavioural adaptations

A

ways that organisms behave

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15
Q

what are functional adaptations

A

things that go on inside an organism’s body that can be related to processes like reproduction and metabolism

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16
Q

what are extremophiles

A

microorganisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditions

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17
Q

what is a producer

A

organism that produces its own food

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18
Q

what three things affect the distribution of organisms

A

availability of water
temperature
atmospheric gases

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19
Q

what are the four stages of the water cycle

A

evaporation
condensation
precipitation
transpiration

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20
Q

what is the first stage of the carbon cycle

A

CO2 is removed from atmosphere by plants and algae during photosynthesis

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21
Q

what are the three things that can then happen to the carbon in these plants and algae

A

released back into atmosphere through respiration
eaten by animals becoming part of fat and protein
extracted for use in products

22
Q

what two things happens to the carbon in animals that eat the plant

A

released back into atmosphere through respiration

stays in animal when it dies

23
Q

what two things happen to carbon from dead animals

A

stored as fossil fuel

released through decay

24
Q

what happens to carbon stored in products from carbon animals and plants and those as fossil fuels

A

burnt/combusted back into atmosphere

25
Q

what is compost

A

decomposed organic matter that is used as a natural fertiliser

26
Q

what four factors affect the rate of decay

A

temperature
oxygen availability
water availability
number of decay organisms

27
Q

what are the optimal conditions for decay

A

warmer (not too hot)
lots of oxygen
moist
many decay organisms

28
Q

what is biogas

A

gas released by the anaerobic decay of waste material

29
Q

what do batch generators do

A

make biogas in small batches

30
Q

what do continuous generators do

A

make biogas all the time

31
Q

what is biodiversity

A

variety of different species of organisms within an ecosystem

32
Q

what are the three types of pollution

A

water
land
air

33
Q

what is water pollution

A

sewage and chemicals pollute and contaminate water supplies

34
Q

what is land pollution

A

chemicals and nuclear waste and normal waste is left or buried underground seeping into soil

35
Q

what is air pollution

A

smoke and acidic gases released into atmosphere can pollute air through acid rain or smog

36
Q

what three problems can deforestation cause

A

less carbon dioxide taken in
more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
less diodiversity

37
Q

what does destroying peat bogs do

A

releases trapped CO2 into the atmosphere

38
Q

what are trophic levels

A

different stages of a food chain

39
Q

what are in trophic level 1

A

Producers

40
Q

what do pyramids of biomass show

A

relative mass of each trophic level

41
Q

what is lost between each trophic level

A

biomass

42
Q

give three ways biomass can be lost

A

respiration
growth
movement
indigestible

43
Q

how is food chain efficiency calculated

A

(biomass transferred to next level / biomass availbale at the previous level) x 100

44
Q

what two methods are being used to stop overfishing

A

fishing quotas

net size

45
Q

how can food production be made more efficient

A

limiting movement of animal

keeping them in warm temperature controlled environment

46
Q

what is mycoprotein

A

protein harvested from fungi

47
Q

what is the first stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

A

remove plasmid from bacterium

48
Q

what is the second stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

A

insulin gene is cut from a human chromosome using an enzyme

49
Q

what is the third stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

A

the plasmid and insulin gene are mixed

50
Q

what is the fourth stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

A

the enzyme ligase is added to produce recombinant DNA

51
Q

what is the fifth stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

A

the recombinant DNA is inserted into a bacterium

52
Q

what is the final stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

A

the bacterium is grown under controlled conditions to produce millions of bacteria that produce insulin that we can harvest

GCSE Biology (7 decks)

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