Biology: Ecology

Question 1

what is habitat

Answer 1

place where organisms live

Question 2

what is population

Answer 2

all the organisms of one species who live in a habitat

Question 3

what is community

Answer 3

populations of different species living in a habitat

Question 4

what is abiotic factors

Answer 4

non-living factors of the environment

Question 5

what is biotic factors

Answer 5

living factors of the environment

Question 6

what is ecosystem

Answer 6

the interaction of a community of living organisms with non-living parts of their environment

Question 7

what four resources do plants need

Answer 7

light
space
water
nutrients

Question 8

what four resources do animals need

Answer 8

territory
food
water
mates

Question 9

what is interdependence

Answer 9

species depending on other species for food, shelter, pollination and seed dispersal

Question 10

give 8 abiotic factors that can vary in an ecosystem

Answer 10

moisture level
light intensity
temperature
carbon dioxide
wind
oxygen level
soil pH
mineral content

Question 11

give 4 biotic factors that can vary in an ecosystem

Answer 11

new predator
competition
new pathogens
availability of food

Question 12

what are the 3 types of adaptations

Answer 12

structural
behavioural
functional

Question 13

give 3 examples of structural adaptations

Answer 13

arctic animals have white fur so they’re camouflage
whales have thick layer of blubber and low surface area to volume ratio
camels have thin layer of fat and a large surface area to volume ratio

Question 14

what are behavioural adaptations

Answer 14

ways that organisms behave

Question 15

what are functional adaptations

Answer 15

things that go on inside an organism’s body that can be related to processes like reproduction and metabolism

Question 16

what are extremophiles

Answer 16

microorganisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditions

Question 17

what is a producer

Answer 17

organism that produces its own food

Question 18

what three things affect the distribution of organisms

Answer 18

availability of water
temperature
atmospheric gases

Question 19

what are the four stages of the water cycle

Answer 19

evaporation
condensation
precipitation
transpiration

Question 20

what is the first stage of the carbon cycle

Answer 20

CO2 is removed from atmosphere by plants and algae during photosynthesis

Question 21

what are the three things that can then happen to the carbon in these plants and algae

Answer 21

released back into atmosphere through respiration
eaten by animals becoming part of fat and protein
extracted for use in products

Question 22

what two things happens to the carbon in animals that eat the plant

Answer 22

released back into atmosphere through respiration

stays in animal when it dies

Question 23

what two things happen to carbon from dead animals

Answer 23

stored as fossil fuel

released through decay

Question 24

what happens to carbon stored in products from carbon animals and plants and those as fossil fuels

Answer 24

burnt/combusted back into atmosphere

Question 25

what is compost

Answer 25

decomposed organic matter that is used as a natural fertiliser

Question 26

what four factors affect the rate of decay

Answer 26

temperature oxygen availability water availability number of decay organisms

Question 27

what are the optimal conditions for decay

Answer 27

warmer (not too hot) lots of oxygen moist many decay organisms

Question 28

what is biogas

Answer 28

gas released by the anaerobic decay of waste material

Question 29

what do batch generators do

Answer 29

make biogas in small batches

Question 30

what do continuous generators do

Answer 30

make biogas all the time

Question 31

what is biodiversity

Answer 31

variety of different species of organisms within an ecosystem

Question 32

what are the three types of pollution

Answer 32

water land air

Question 33

what is water pollution

Answer 33

sewage and chemicals pollute and contaminate water supplies

Question 34

what is land pollution

Answer 34

chemicals and nuclear waste and normal waste is left or buried underground seeping into soil

Question 35

what is air pollution

Answer 35

smoke and acidic gases released into atmosphere can pollute air through acid rain or smog

Question 36

what three problems can deforestation cause

Answer 36

less carbon dioxide taken in more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere less diodiversity

Question 37

what does destroying peat bogs do

Answer 37

releases trapped CO2 into the atmosphere

Question 38

what are trophic levels

Answer 38

different stages of a food chain

Question 39

what are in trophic level 1

Answer 39

Producers

Question 40

what do pyramids of biomass show

Answer 40

relative mass of each trophic level

Question 41

what is lost between each trophic level

Answer 41

biomass

Question 42

give three ways biomass can be lost

Answer 42

respiration growth movement indigestible

Question 43

how is food chain efficiency calculated

Answer 43

(biomass transferred to next level / biomass availbale at the previous level) x 100

Question 44

what two methods are being used to stop overfishing

Answer 44

fishing quotas | net size

Question 45

how can food production be made more efficient

Answer 45

limiting movement of animal | keeping them in warm temperature controlled environment

Question 46

what is mycoprotein

Answer 46

protein harvested from fungi

Question 47

what is the first stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

Answer 47

remove plasmid from bacterium

Question 48

what is the second stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

Answer 48

insulin gene is cut from a human chromosome using an enzyme

Question 49

what is the third stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

Answer 49

the plasmid and insulin gene are mixed

Question 50

what is the fourth stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

Answer 50

the enzyme ligase is added to produce recombinant DNA

Question 51

what is the fifth stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

Answer 51

the recombinant DNA is inserted into a bacterium

Question 52

what is the final stage of engineering bacteria to produce human insulin

Answer 52

the bacterium is grown under controlled conditions to produce millions of bacteria that produce insulin that we can harvest