Biology: Cell Biology

Question 1

What are the two types of cellular organisms?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 2

Describe a Prokaryotic Organism?

Answer 2

A single celled organism like Bacteria

Question 3

What are the differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic came first
Prokaryotic multiply faster
Prokaryotic don't have a nucleus
Eukaryotic are larger
Eukaryotic have multiple cells

Question 4

What parts of cells do Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic have?

Answer 4

DNA, Cytoplasm, Ribosome and Cell Membrane

Question 5

Name all parts of a plant cell

Answer 5

Nucleus, Ribosome, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Chloroplasts, Vacuole, Cell Wall

Question 6

What cell parts are unique to a plant cell?

Answer 6

Vacuole, Cell Wall, Chloroplasts

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleus in the cell?

Answer 7

To control activity in the cell

Question 8

What is the function of the Mitochondria in the cell?

Answer 8

Where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 9

What is the function of Chloroplasts in the plant cell?

Answer 9

Where photosynthesis occurs

Question 10

What do the Chloroplasts contain to carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Green substance called chlorophyll which absorb light needed for photosynthesis

Question 11

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 11

Magnification = Image size / Real size

Question 12

What is the function of the Sperm cell?

Answer 12

To reproduce

Question 13

How is the Sperm cell adapted?

Answer 13

Long tail and streamlined head to help it swim to the egg. Lot of mitochondria to provide lots of energy. Carries enzymes in head to penetrate through ovum

Question 14

What is the specialisation of a Nerve Cell?

Answer 14

Carry electric signals from one part of the body to another

Question 15

How is a Nerve cell adapted?

Answer 15

They are long to cover more distance. Dendrites extend to connect with other nerve cells and form a network around body.

Question 16

What is the function of a Muscle cell

Answer 16

To contract and relax. (Doesn’t expand)

Question 17

How is a Muscle cell adapted?

Answer 17

Long to have space to contract and relax and contains lots of mitochondria to produce required energy.

Question 18

What is the function of the Root Hair Cell?

Answer 18

To absorb minerals and water

Question 19

How is a Root Hair cell adapted?

Answer 19

Large surface area to absorb minerals and water quicker and therefore more. Grow long “hairs” which stick out in the soil

Question 20

What is the function of a Phloem cell?

Answer 20

Transport food around a plant (mainly dissolved sugars)

Question 21

What is the function of a Xylem cell?

Answer 21

Transport water and minerals around a plant

Question 22

How is a Phloem cell adapted?

Answer 22

Has small pores to allow sap to flow through

Question 23

How is a Xylem cell adapted?

Answer 23

Made up of dead cells. Strengthened by material called lignin.

Question 24

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human cell have?

Answer 24

23

Question 25

What is a Chromosome?

Answer 25

Coiled up lengths of DNA stored in the nucleus

Question 26

What is the first stage of Mitosis?

Answer 26

All sub cellular structures are copied

Question 27

What is the second stage of Mitosis?

Answer 27

The chromosomes are lined up and pulled apart by cell fibres with one pair at either end along with their sub cellular structures.

Question 28

What is the third stage of mitosis?

Answer 28

Membranes form around each set of chromosomes and they form the nucleus of their new cells.

Question 29

What is the fourth stage of Mitosis?

Answer 29

The cell membrane and cytoplasm split forming two new daughter cells. They have the exact same DNA to each other and the parent cell.

Question 30

Why does Mitosis occur?

Answer 30

To replace or repair broken or damaged cells

Question 31

What is a Stem Cell?

Answer 31

An undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type and from which other cells can differentiate from

Question 32

Where can Stem cells be found?

Answer 32

Human embryo and Adult bone marrow

Question 33

What is a plant stem cell called?

Answer 33

Meristem cell

Question 34

What is Diffusion?

Answer 34

The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 35

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 35

The concentration gradient, the temperature, the surface area.

Question 36

What is osmosis?

Answer 36

The movement of water particles through a partially permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 37

What is active transport?

Answer 37

The movement of particles from areas of low concentration to high concentration

Question 38

What does the ease of stuff moving between an organism and its environment depend on?

Answer 38

Surface area to Volume ration

Question 39

What is the function of the lungs?

Answer 39

To transfer oxygen to the blood and remove waste carbon dioxide from it

Question 40

How are alveoli specialised to maximise the diffusion of Oxygen and CO2?

Answer 40

Enormous surface area, Moist lining, Thin walls, Good blood supply

Question 41

How are Villi adapted in the small intestine?

Answer 41

Increase surface area to absorb much quicker into blood. Single layer of surface cells, Very good blood supply.

Question 42

How are leaves structured to diffuse gas?

Answer 42

Has tiny holes called stomata that CO2 diffuse into for photosynthesis. Oxygen can diffuse out here. The flat shape increases the surface area.

Question 43

What is the job of guard cells in the leaf?

Answer 43

Control the size of the stomata

Question 44

How are gills adapted?

Answer 44

They have large surface area for Gas exchange. Has lamellae that have lots of blood capillaries to improve blood supply