BIOLOGY - disease Flashcards
what do exercise, smoking and asthma all affect?
the respiratory system
what does asthma affect?
bronchioles
what are bronchioles?
small tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs
what 4 things happen to your lungs when you have asthma?
lungs can become inflamed, swollen and constricted. excess mucus is produced
what 3 things happen when you have an asthma attack?
lung lining can become inflamed, fluids build up in the airways and muscles around the bronchioles can contract, constricting the airways
what are the 3 symptoms of an asthma attack?
wheezing
tight chest
difficulty breathing
what are asthma relievers?
drugs that relax and open up the airways making it easier to breath
why is smoking bad for you?
it is harmful and can damage your health
what 3 substances are contained in tobacco smoke?
tar
nicotine
carbon monoxide
Why do we have a problem deciding if viruses are living?
They can only reproduce inside another living cell.
Where does a new born baby get it’s antibodies from?
It’s mother [ placenta or milk]
What does immune mean?
Having antibodies in the blood so that they can kill off invading microbes.
How do we get immune?
We make antibodies because we have had the disease
or we have had a vaccination which has encouraged us to make antibodies
or we have been given them in an injection
What makes antibodies?
white blood cells
What is a vaccination?
A weak or dead form of the disease. It allows our body to have a practice run at
killing off the disease organism.
What will an antibiotic do and what will it not do?
It will kill bacteria and it will not kill viruses.
What conditions do fungi and bacteria like best?
warm temperature/moist/ food/oxygen
What is a virus covered with?
A protein coat.
Which type of microbe has a nucleus?
Fungus.
Some white cells make antibodies. Describe two other ways white cells may kill bacteria.
Make antitoxins/engulf them [flow around them]/stick them together.
Name some of the ways in which our bodies protect us all the time.
Unbroken skin/saliva/stomach acid/ pH of skin/antibodies.
Name two diseases that are cause by fungi.
Athlete’s foot and ringworm.
How do fungi reproduce?
By spores.
How quickly can bacteria reproduce?
Every 20 minutes. Some take only 10 minutes if the conditions are good.
Why do we have a problem deciding if viruses are living?
They can only reproduce inside another living cell.
Name three different types of micro-organism.
Influenza/colds/measles
Give three ways that an infectious disease can be spread.
contact/water/food/droplets from coughs and sneezes/
