Biology: Chapter 5

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

the division of the cell nucleus and its contents

Question 3

cytokinesis

Answer 3

the process that divides the cell cytoplasm

Question 4

lifespan of a skin cell

Answer 4

2 weeks

Question 5

lifespan of a red blood cell

Answer 5

4 months

Question 6

lifespan of a liver cell

Answer 6

300-500 days

Question 7

lifespan of the internal lining of the intestine

Answer 7

4-5 days

Question 8

lifespan of the muscle and other tissue of the intestine

Answer 8

16 years

Question 9

Gap 1 (G1)

Answer 9

first stage of cell cycle; cell carries out normal functions; cell spends most of time in this stage

Question 10

Synthesis (S)

Answer 10

second stage of cell cycle; cell makes copy of nuclear DNA

Question 11

Gap 2 (G2)

Answer 11

third stage of cell cycle; cell continues normal functions and additional growth occurs

Question 12

chromosome

Answer 12

one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information

Question 13

histone

Answer 13

protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

Question 14

chromatin

Answer 14

loos combination of DNA and proteins

Question 15

chromatid

Answer 15

one half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 16

centromere

Answer 16

a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched

Question 17

telomere

Answer 17

structures formed at the ends of DNA which are made of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes

Question 18

prophase

Answer 18

chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form

Question 19

metaphase

Answer 19

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 20

anaphase

Answer 20

sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell

Question 21

telophase

Answer 21

new nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil

Question 22

growth factor

Answer 22

broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division

Question 23

apoptosis

Answer 23

programmed cell death

Question 24

cancer

Answer 24

class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

Question 25

benign

Answer 25

cancer cells remained clustered together

Question 26

malignant

Answer 26

cancer cells break away or mestasize

Question 27

mestasize

Answer 27

break away

Question 28

carcinogens

Answer 28

substances known to promote or produce the development of cancer

Question 29

asexual reproduction

Answer 29

creation of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining of gametes

Question 30

binary fission

Answer 30

the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts

Question 31

budding

Answer 31

small projection grown on the surface of the parent organism, forming a separate new individual

Question 32

fragmentnation

Answer 32

parent organism splits into pieces, each of which can grow into a new organism

Question 33

vegetative reproduction

Answer 33

involves the modification of a stem or underground structure of the parent organism

Question 34

tissue

Answer 34

groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function

Question 35

organ

Answer 35

groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific or related function

Question 36

organ system

Answer 36

organs that carry out similar functions

Question 37

cell differentiation

Answer 37

process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and fucntions

Question 38

stem cells

Answer 38

unique type of body cell that have the ability to 1) divide and renew themselves, 2) remain undifferentiated in form, and 3) develop into a variety of specialized cell types

Question 39

totipotent

Answer 39

stem cell that can grow into any other cell type

Question 40

pluripotent

Answer 40

stem cells that can grow into any cell type except for totipotent stem cells

Question 41

multipotent

Answer 41

stem cells that can only grow into cells of a closely related cell family