Biology Chapter 3 (continued) Flashcards
Triglycerides
long term energy storage
Diglycerides
basis for cell membranes
steroids
function as hormones
Miller
Urey experiment (primordial soup theory)
Organic Compounds( amino acids) from inorganic precursors
water methane ammonia hydrogen
deep sea vent theory
methane and ammonia produced by vents react with carbon dioxide and mineral sulfides
cell theory *first
Robert Hooke 1665
identified cells in cork
cell theory *second
Matthias Schleidan 1839
plants
cell theory *third
Theodor Schwann 1839
Animals
Organisms
Made up of one or more cells
Cells
functional units of multicellular organism
a cell can arise only from another living cell
cells are very small measured in micrometers
very high surface area to volume ratio (SA/V)
Basic Cell Structure
cell membrane and or cell wall cytoplasm* -cytosol - organelles nucleus* *(eukaryotes only)
Primary Structure
Cell membrane
cell wall
cell membrane
Lipids (phospholipid Bilayer)
Cell wall
carbohydrates (cellulose and protein)
Prokaryotes
most ancient and simplest group of organisms dating back 3.5bya
- Archaebacteria: Extremophile
- Eubacteria: common “true” bacteria
Prokaryotic cells have
cytosol
single chromosome
cell membrane and cell wall( no organelles)
Prokaryotic cells do not have
organelles
nucleus
single chromosome
prokaryote DNA is not enclosed within a nucleus
localized in an area called nucleoid
prokaryote
cell membranes are encased by a structural polysaccharide (cell wall)
some bacteria have an extra cell membrane
those with extra membrane resist crystal violet staining
gram negative (pathogens)
Cell theory (continued)
cells begin to differentiate around two billion years ago
organelles don’t have there own dna through
endosymbiotic evolution
where prokaryotic cell engulfs another prokaryotic cell
