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Science > Biology B4 > Flashcards

Biology B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is plasma

A

A yellow liquid in your blood thatthat transports all of your blood cells and other substances around the body

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2
Q

What blood cells do the plasma transport

A

Red blood cells, whiteblood cells and platelets

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3
Q

How much blood does the average person have in they’re body

A

4.7-5 litres

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4
Q

What other things do plasma transport

A

Waste carbon dioxide fromthe cells is carried to the lungs

Urea formed in your liver from the break down of protein is carried to your kidneys

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5
Q

What fo red blood cells do

A

They pick upoxygen from the air in your lungs and carry it to the cells where it is needed

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6
Q

How have red blood cells addapted to make them more efficient at they’re job

A

Biconcave diskswhich gives them an increased surface area for diffusion
They have a red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
They nave no nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin

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7
Q

What is the role of white blood cells

A

They form par tof oth bodys defence system.
Some (lymphocytes)produce antibodies and some form anti toxins
Some (phagocytes) engulf and digest bacteria and viruses

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8
Q

What are platelets

A

Small fragments of cells that help with blood cloting

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9
Q

What males up the human cirulatery system

A

Blood
Blood vessels
Heart

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10
Q

Arteries

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heartto the organs of the body

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11
Q

Viems

A

Carriy deoxygenated blood to the heart where it then goes to the lungs to get oxygen

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

Form networks connecting arteries and veins, they are extremely small

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13
Q

Features of arteries

A

Small lumen (high blood pressure)
Thick walls
Thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres

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14
Q

Features of veins

A

Thin walls
Large lumen (low blood pressure)
Often have valves

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15
Q

Features of capillaries

A

One cell thick walls

Tiny vessel with narrow lumen

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16
Q

Features of the heart

A 
Coronary arteries
Atria
Vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Left and right ventricle 
Pulmonary artery
Aorta 
Valves
17
Q

What is a stent

A

A metal mesh that is put in the artery to unblock it by pushing the fatty deposits and holding the artery open

18
Q

What is the role of the Vena cava

A

Brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

19
Q

What do valves do

A

Keep the blood flowing in the right direction

20
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery do

A

Takes the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

21
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do

A

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

22
Q

What does the aorta do

A

Carries oxygenated blood round the body

23
Q

What are statins

A

Medicine that doctors prescribe to lower cholesterol levels in the blood and reduce risk of coronary heart disease

24
Q

What are the different features of the gas exchange system

A 
Nose
Mouth
Trachea
Bronchi 
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Rib
Lungs 
Heart
Bronchioles  
Alveoli 
Abdomen
25
Q

Where does gas exchange happen

A

The alveoli in the lungs

26
Q

When you breath in what happens

A

Your alveoli fill with oxygen and it will diffuse in to the blood in a capillary running next to it. The CO2 will diffuse out of the capillary and that is what you breath out.

27
Q

How have alveoli specialised to maximise diffusion

A

Big surface area
Thin walls
Good blood supply

28
Q

Different parts of a plant

A 
Waxy cuticle
Epidermal tissue
Palisade mesophyll tissue
Spongy mesophyll tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Stomata 
Guard cell
29
Q

Epidermal tissue

A

Covers the whole plant
Upper is transparent to allow light to pass through to the palisade layer
Lower is full of little holes called stomata

30
Q

Palisade mesophyll tissue

A

The part of the leaf where photosynthesis happens

Lots of chloroplasts

31
Q

Spongy mesophyll tissue

A

Contains big air spaces to allow gasses to diffuse in and out of cells

32
Q

Xylem and phloem

A

Transport things like water, mineral ions and food around the plant
Also help support the structure

33
Q

Stomata

A

Small holes at the bottom of the plant that let CO2 diffuse directly into the plant
The opening and closing of it is controlled by guard cells

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