Biology Animal Systems

Question 1

Immune Main Components

Answer 1

White blood cells (T-cells, B-cells), antibodies, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Question 2

Immune Role in Defense

Answer 2

Protects against infections by identifying and attacking foreign pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) and abnormal cells.

Question 3

Immune Example

Answer 3

B-cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens. T-cells destroy infected cells directly

Question 4

Integumentary Main Components

Answer 4

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 5

Integumentary Role in Defense

Answer 5

Serves as the body’s first line of defense by acting as a physical barrier against pathogens and harmful substances.

Question 6

Integumentary Example

Answer 6

Skin acts as a physical barrier to pathogens. Sweat and oils contain antimicrobial properties.

Question 7

Circulatory Main Components

Answer 7

Heart, blood, blood vessels, lymphatic system

Question 8

Circulatory Role in Defense

Answer 8

Transports immune cells, nutrients, and oxygen, and removes waste products; the lymphatic system filters pathogens.

Question 9

Circulatory Example

Answer 9

White blood cells circulate in blood and lymph to fight infection. Lymph nodes filter harmful materials.

Question 10

Respiratory Main Components

Answer 10

Nose, lungs, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Question 11

Respiratory Role in Defense

Answer 11

Filters and traps pathogens in mucus; sneezing and coughing expel foreign particles; alveoli provide defense against airborne pathogens.

Question 12

Respiratory Example

Answer 12

Cilia and mucus in the airways trap and remove pathogens. Coughing expels foreign particles.

Question 13

Digestive Main Components

Answer 13

Mouth, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gut flora

Question 14

Digestive Role in Defense

Answer 14

Breaks down food while also defending against ingested pathogens through acidic environments and digestive enzymes.

Question 15

Digestive Example

Answer 15

Stomach acid kills pathogens. Gut microbiota prevent pathogenic growth by competing for resources.

Question 16

Nervous Main Components

Answer 16

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

Question 17

Nervous Role in Defense

Answer 17

Detects potential threats through pain and other sensory responses and coordinates immune responses to infection or injury.

Question 18

Nervous Example

Answer 18

Pain receptors signal potential harm. Nervous system activation can prompt immune responses (e.g., fever).

Question 19

Endocrine Main Components

Answer 19

Glands (thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, etc.), hormones

Question 20

Endocrine Role in Defense

Answer 20

Releases hormones that help regulate the immune system, stress responses, and healing processes.

Question 21

Endocrine Example

Answer 21

Cortisol from the adrenal glands helps manage inflammation and immune response. Thyroid hormones regulate body function during stress.

Question 22

Lymphatic Main Components

Answer 22

Lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Question 23

Lymphatic Role in Defense

Answer 23

Filters and drains lymph fluid from tissues, removes toxins, and provides a site for immune cell activation.

Question 24

Lymphatic Example

Answer 24

Lymph nodes filter pathogens. Thymus is the site of T-cell maturation.

Question 25

Digestive Nutrients Role in Defense

Answer 25

Breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption and ensures nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls.

Question 26

Digestive Nutrients Example

Answer 26

Small intestine absorbs nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. Liver processes absorbed nutrients

Question 27

Circulatory Nutrients Role in Defense

Answer 27

Transports absorbed nutrients from the digestive system to cells throughout the body via the bloodstream.

Question 28

Circulatory Nutrients Example

Answer 28

Capillaries in the villi of the small intestine transport nutrients like glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream.

Question 29

Digestive Main Components Nutrients

Answer 29

Mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Question 30

Circulatory Main Components Nutrients

Answer 30

Blood, heart, blood vessels (capillaries)

Question 31

Lymphatic Main Components Nutrients

Answer 31

Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thoracic duct

Question 32

Lymphatic Role in Defense Nutrients

Answer 32

Transports absorbed fats (lipids) from the intestines to the bloodstream via the lymphatic system.

Question 33

Lymphatic Nutrients Example

Answer 33

Lacteals in the villi of the small intestine absorb fats and transport them through the lymphatic vessels.

Question 34

Endocrine Main Components Nutrients

Answer 34

Hormones (insulin, glucagon, leptin, etc.), pancreas

Question 35

Endocrine Role in Defense Nutrients

Answer 35

Regulates nutrient metabolism by controlling the release of digestive enzymes, insulin for glucose absorption, and hunger signals.

Question 36

Endocrine Nutrients Example

Answer 36

Insulin from the pancreas facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells after nutrient absorption in the intestines.

Question 37

Integumentary Nutrients Main Components

Answer 37

Skin, sweat glands

Question 38

Integumentary Nutrients Role in Defense

Answer 38

Although not directly involved in nutrient absorption, it helps with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) through the skin.

Question 39

Integumentary Nutrients Example

Answer 39

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight and then absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 40

Urinary (endocrine on key idk) Nutrients Main Components

Answer 40

Kidneys, Ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 41

Urinary (endocrine?) Nutrients Role in Defense

Answer 41

While primarily responsible for waste removal, it also helps regulate nutrient balance by filtering excess nutrients from the blood.

Question 42

Urinary (endocrine?) Nutrients example

Answer 42

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight and then absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 43

Which body system is responsible for the transport of both gases and nutrients throughout the body?

Answer 43

The Circulatory System: Oxygen Transport: Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs. Nutrient Transport: Nutrients absorbed from the digestive system are transported via the bloodstream to cells.

Question 44

A person inhales deeply to increase oxygen levels in the blood after physical exertion.

Answer 44

Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Deep breathing helps restore oxygen levels in the blood, a mechanism that helps maintain normal physiological balance.

Question 45

A person has high blood pressure due to stress, and the body fails to return blood pressure to normal levels.

Answer 45

NOT Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Persistent high blood pressure indicates the failure of homeostatic regulation, leading to an imbalance

Question 46

A person experiences dehydration and the body reduces urine output to conserve water.

Answer 46

Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Reduced urine output helps conserve water in response to dehydration, maintaining fluid balance (homeostasis).

Question 47

A person eats a large meal, and the pancreas releases insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Answer 47

Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Insulin release to regulate blood glucose after eating helps maintain homeostasis by stabilizing blood sugar levels.

Question 48

A person sweats during an aerobic activity in order to cool the body back down to normal temperature.

Answer 48

Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Sweating is a cooling mechanism that helps regulate body temperature during physical exertion, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 49

A person shivers when exposed to cold, generating heat to maintain body temperature.

Answer 49

Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Shivering is a thermoregulatory response to cold that helps the body maintain a stable internal temperature.

Question 50

A person develops diabetes, resulting in unregulated blood glucose levels.

Answer 50

NOT Achieving Homeostasis Reason: Diabetes prevents proper regulation of blood glucose, indicating failure to maintain homeostasis.

Question 51

A person experiences a fever due to an infection, leading to increased metabolic activity.

Answer 51

Achieving Homeostasis- Reason: In this sense, the fever is a defensive response aimed at restoring homeostasis by fighting the infection and bringing the body back to a healthy state.