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Maggie's Decks! > Biology Animal Systems > Flashcards

Biology Animal Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Immune Main Components

A

White blood cells (T-cells, B-cells), antibodies, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

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2
Q

Immune Role in Defense

A

Protects against infections by identifying and attacking foreign pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) and abnormal cells.

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3
Q

Immune Example

A

B-cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens. T-cells destroy infected cells directly

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4
Q

Integumentary Main Components

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

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5
Q

Integumentary Role in Defense

A

Serves as the body’s first line of defense by acting as a physical barrier against pathogens and harmful substances.

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6
Q

Integumentary Example

A

Skin acts as a physical barrier to pathogens. Sweat and oils contain antimicrobial properties.

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7
Q

Circulatory Main Components

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels, lymphatic system

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8
Q

Circulatory Role in Defense

A

Transports immune cells, nutrients, and oxygen, and removes waste products; the lymphatic system filters pathogens.

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9
Q

Circulatory Example

A

White blood cells circulate in blood and lymph to fight infection. Lymph nodes filter harmful materials.

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10
Q

Respiratory Main Components

A

Nose, lungs, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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11
Q

Respiratory Role in Defense

A

Filters and traps pathogens in mucus; sneezing and coughing expel foreign particles; alveoli provide defense against airborne pathogens.

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12
Q

Respiratory Example

A

Cilia and mucus in the airways trap and remove pathogens. Coughing expels foreign particles.

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13
Q

Digestive Main Components

A

Mouth, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gut flora

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14
Q

Digestive Role in Defense

A

Breaks down food while also defending against ingested pathogens through acidic environments and digestive enzymes.

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15
Q

Digestive Example

A

Stomach acid kills pathogens. Gut microbiota prevent pathogenic growth by competing for resources.

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16
Q

Nervous Main Components

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

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17
Q

Nervous Role in Defense

A

Detects potential threats through pain and other sensory responses and coordinates immune responses to infection or injury.

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18
Q

Nervous Example

A

Pain receptors signal potential harm. Nervous system activation can prompt immune responses (e.g., fever).

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19
Q

Endocrine Main Components

A

Glands (thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, etc.), hormones

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20
Q

Endocrine Role in Defense

A

Releases hormones that help regulate the immune system, stress responses, and healing processes.

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21
Q

Endocrine Example

A

Cortisol from the adrenal glands helps manage inflammation and immune response. Thyroid hormones regulate body function during stress.

22
Q

Lymphatic Main Components

A

Lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

23
Q

Lymphatic Role in Defense

A

Filters and drains lymph fluid from tissues, removes toxins, and provides a site for immune cell activation.

24
Q

Lymphatic Example

A

Lymph nodes filter pathogens. Thymus is the site of T-cell maturation.

25
Q

Digestive Nutrients Role in Defense

A

Breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption and ensures nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls.

26
Q

Digestive Nutrients Example

A

Small intestine absorbs nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. Liver processes absorbed nutrients

27
Q

Circulatory Nutrients Role in Defense

A

Transports absorbed nutrients from the digestive system to cells throughout the body via the bloodstream.

28
Q

Circulatory Nutrients Example

A

Capillaries in the villi of the small intestine transport nutrients like glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream.

29
Q

Digestive Main Components Nutrients

A

Mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

30
Q

Circulatory Main Components Nutrients

A

Blood, heart, blood vessels (capillaries)

31
Q

Lymphatic Main Components Nutrients

A

Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thoracic duct

32
Q

Lymphatic Role in Defense Nutrients

A

Transports absorbed fats (lipids) from the intestines to the bloodstream via the lymphatic system.

33
Q

Lymphatic Nutrients Example

A

Lacteals in the villi of the small intestine absorb fats and transport them through the lymphatic vessels.

34
Q

Endocrine Main Components Nutrients

A

Hormones (insulin, glucagon, leptin, etc.), pancreas

35
Q

Endocrine Role in Defense Nutrients

A

Regulates nutrient metabolism by controlling the release of digestive enzymes, insulin for glucose absorption, and hunger signals.

36
Q

Endocrine Nutrients Example

A

Insulin from the pancreas facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells after nutrient absorption in the intestines.

37
Q

Integumentary Nutrients Main Components

A

Skin, sweat glands

38
Q

Integumentary Nutrients Role in Defense

A

Although not directly involved in nutrient absorption, it helps with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) through the skin.

39
Q

Integumentary Nutrients Example

A

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight and then absorbed into the bloodstream.

40
Q

Urinary (endocrine on key idk) Nutrients Main Components

A

Kidneys, Ureters, bladder, urethra

41
Q

Urinary (endocrine?) Nutrients Role in Defense

A

While primarily responsible for waste removal, it also helps regulate nutrient balance by filtering excess nutrients from the blood.

42
Q

Urinary (endocrine?) Nutrients example

A

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight and then absorbed into the bloodstream.

43
Q

Which body system is responsible for the transport of both gases and nutrients throughout the body?

A

The Circulatory System:
Oxygen Transport: Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs.

Nutrient Transport: Nutrients absorbed from the digestive system are transported via the bloodstream to cells.

44
Q

A person inhales deeply to increase oxygen levels in the blood after physical exertion.

A

Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Deep breathing helps restore oxygen levels in the blood, a mechanism that helps maintain normal physiological balance.

45
Q

A person has high blood pressure due to stress, and the body fails to return blood pressure to normal levels.

A

NOT Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Persistent high blood pressure indicates the failure of homeostatic regulation, leading to an imbalance

46
Q

A person experiences dehydration and the body reduces urine output to conserve water.

A

Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Reduced urine output helps conserve water in response to dehydration, maintaining fluid balance (homeostasis).

47
Q

A person eats a large meal, and the pancreas releases insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

A

Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Insulin release to regulate blood glucose after eating helps maintain homeostasis by stabilizing blood sugar levels.

48
Q

A person sweats during an aerobic activity in order to cool the body back down to normal temperature.

A

Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Sweating is a cooling mechanism that helps regulate body temperature during physical exertion, maintaining homeostasis.

49
Q

A person shivers when exposed to cold, generating heat to maintain body temperature.

A

Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Shivering is a thermoregulatory response to cold that helps the body maintain a stable internal temperature.

50
Q

A person develops diabetes, resulting in unregulated blood glucose levels.

A

NOT Achieving Homeostasis

Reason: Diabetes prevents proper regulation of blood glucose, indicating failure to maintain homeostasis.

51
Q

A person experiences a fever due to an infection, leading to increased metabolic activity.

A

Achieving Homeostasis-

Reason: In this sense, the fever is a defensive response aimed at restoring homeostasis by fighting the infection and bringing the body back to a healthy state.

Maggie's Decks! (11 decks)

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