AP Human Unit 1 Flashcards
Political Map
States/Countries/Capitals- borders & boundaries
Physical Map
Natural Features
Road Map
Highways, Streets, etc
Thematic Maps
Communicate information about a place (Spatial aspects like what is it like there)
Choropleth Map
Uses various shades of one color or patterns to show the location & distribution of spatial data
Dot-Density Map
Each dot represents a specified quantity of a spatial characteristic
Graduated/Proportional Symbol Map
Uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of a variable
Cartogram Map
The sizes of countries are shown according to a specific variable (Like population)
Isoline & Topographic Map
-Uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data of across space. Used for weather & elevation
Absolute Location
Exact, Precise
Address
Latitude & Longitude
23s, 43w
Relative Location
Relationship to another place
ex: Next to Trufire and Kotta
Absolute Distance
Exact, Precise
Miles/Kilometers/Feet
21.3 Miles away
-Map Scale
Relative Distance
(Air Travel)
Connections, Contacts
Absolute Direction
Exact, Precise
Cardinal Directions
North, South, East, West
Relative Direction
in relationship to an object’s current location and orientation
Ex: Turn left at the starbucks
Clustering
Close
Density- The number of something in a defined area
Dispersal/Distribution
-Far Apart
-Distribution
Patterns & Spatial Associations
Indication that 2 or more phenomena (natural or human-made events that occur on Earth’s surface.) may be related
Map Projections
- Map Projections distort spatial relationships in shape, area, distance and direction.
- The process of a cartographer (map maker) showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat map
S.A.D.D
Shape, Area, Distance, Direction
Mercator Projection Advantages
Good Direction, Shape
Preserves right angles of Latitude & Longitude
Purpose: Navigation
Mercator Projection Disadvantages
-Area is distorted near the poles
-Increases size of high latitude area
Peters Equal Area Projection Advantages
Area of landmasses are accurate
-Countries are their correct size
Peters Equal Area Projection Disadvantages
-Shapes are inaccurate near the poles
-Vertically stretched near the equator
Robinson Projection Advantages
-No major distortions
Purpose: Compromise
Robinson Projection
-All aspects are slightly distorted
Fieldwork/Field Observations
The act of an individual physically visiting a location or place and recording
GIS
Computer system/software that stores, analyzes and displays info from multiple digital maps/data sets
Ex: Analysis of crime data, effects of pollution
-Urban planning
GPS
Satellites orbit earth & communicate locational info to GPS receivers: Absolute
Ex: Navigation (Ships, cars, aircraft)
Remote Sensing
Cameras/Sensors on satellites that orbit earth to collect digital images
Ex: Monitoring environmental changes, weather
Sense of Place
Factors that contribute to the uniqueness of a location
Ex; river, mountains, lakes, forests cultural landscape/ built environment
Placeless
A location without a sense of place (no distinct attributes)
Ex: Countryside
How do you describe where a place is located
Location
Whats a Toponym
A locations name
High Elevation has a…
colder climate
Low Elevation has a…
warmer climate
Distance-Decay
The interaction between two places declines as the distance between two places increases
Diffusion
a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another
ex: Expansion and relocation diffusion
Cultural Ecology
The study of how humans interact/ adapt to the environment
Time-Space Compression
The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring humans in distance places closer together
Possibilism
Focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs
Environmental Determinism
the belief that climate & landforms are the most powerful forces shopping human behavior & societal cultural development
Small Scale Maps
Shows large area w/small amounts of data. This map is zoomed out .
Large Scale Maps
Shows small area w/ large amounts of data. Data zoomed in
Economic
Money, trade, currency
Ex: Map of Europe w/Free trade
Social
Population, distribution, etc are all examples
Political
States, capitals, countries, borders, etc.
Environmental (Physical)
Weather, climate, ecosystems, etc.
Ex: Desert Region
Functional Region
Organized around a central node
