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EVERYTHING ELMHURST > Biology - Anatomy, Physiology, & Homeostasis > Flashcards

Biology - Anatomy, Physiology, & Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Metabolism?

A

All the chemical reactions in your body. these include synthesizing (building up) or breaking down.

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2
Q

What happens in the process of GROWTH in living organisms?

A

Building up or SYNTHESIS occurs instead of breaking down. There is an increase in size & quantity of cells.

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3
Q

What is Excretion?

A

Eliminating harmful waste products created by metabolic processes.

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4
Q

What is responsiveness in the body?

A

Reacting to stimulus/things in the environment.

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5
Q

Homeostasis in dummy terms?

A

Your body reacting to stimulus that affects metabolic processes.

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6
Q

Homeostasis in advanced terms?

A

Your body maintaining stability and function while ADJUSTING to change or stimulus. (Maintaining INTERNAL environment)

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7
Q

What is Sexual Reproduction?

A

Two organisms create a genetically-ALIKE offspring.

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8
Q

What is Asexual Reproduction?

A

A genetically-IDENTICAL offspring is created by a single parent.

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9
Q

Explain the Hierarchy of Body Systems

A

From the chemical level all he way to the organism level. Essentially atoms and molecules join together to make cells, which join together to make tissues, which join together to make organs, which join together to create an organ system, and the sum of all organ systems is what creates the ORGANISM. Goes from 1 (the lowest chemical level) to 6 (the ORGANISM level)

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10
Q

What is the Anatomical Position?

A

Body standing upright, arms at the side with palms facing forward, feet flat and shoulder width apart. Also includes the PLANES. (saggital, frontal, transversal)

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11
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Anterior

A

Front location

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12
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Posterior

A

Back location

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13
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Medial

A

Midline

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14
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Superior (cranial)

A

Towards the head (upwards)

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15
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Inferior (caudal)

A

towards the tail (downwards)

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16
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Proximal

A

Closer to point of origin

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17
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Distal

A

Further from point of origin

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18
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Lateral

A

Towards the side

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19
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Superficial

A

Structures closer to body’s surface

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20
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Deep

A

Structures further from body’s surface

21
Q

What does the axial region of the body consist of?

A

Head, neck, trunk/torso

22
Q

What does the appendicular region of the body consist of?

A

Upper and Lower limbs (arms and legs)

23
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides body into left & right

24
Q

What is the parasagittal plane?

A

Divides body into unequal portions

25
Q

What is the midsagittal plane? (median plane)

A

The midline which splits the body into 2 halves.

26
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior.

27
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Divides body into inferior and superior.

28
Q

What is the oblique plane?

A

Only used to examine at an angle when 3 planes are not useful.

29
Q

What are cavities?

A

Any fluid-filled space in the body

30
Q

What are Serous Membranes and what do they consist of?

A

Sheets of tissue that surround, protects, and cushions INDIVIDUAL organs. The consist of a Visceral layer which makes contact with the organ, and a Parietal layer which is the outer layer, and in between both layers is serous fluid which separates the layers. (although they are 2 separated layers, its still one continuous sheet of tissue)

31
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

Ionizing radiation, a detailed examination of abnormalities and the body.

32
Q

What is an X-Ray scan?

A

Ionizing radiation, detects abnormalities -less detailed than a CT scan.

33
Q

What is an MRI scan?

A

A detailed, complex, 3d image of every internal structure within the human body.

34
Q

What is Positive Feedback in Homeostasis?

A

Body’s extreme response to things that NEED to be fixed/finished. (ex: childbirth, blood clots)

35
Q

What is Negative Feedback in Homeostasis?

A

Responses to things in which the body tries to keep a variable at a NORMAL range. (ex: the body heating itself up in cold weather) **MORE COMMON THAN POSITIVE

36
Q

What is a Setpoint in relation to Homeostasis?

A

An ideal point/spot

37
Q

What is a variable in relation to Homeostasis?

A

Parameters affected by the feedback system.

38
Q

How are responses TRIGGERED in Homeostasis?

A

A variable experiences a Stimulus, then Receptors detect a CHANGE In the variable, which then leads to the control centers comparing the variable to the set point value, which is used to signal the effectors in generating a response.

39
Q

Steady-state vs equilibrium

A

Steady state refers to the requirement of energy to maintain balance, while equilibrium is a state of no energy change, and all directional reactions are equal.

40
Q

5 Core Concepts: Evolution

A

Life changing and being modified over time. Ex: Humans and gorillas having a common ancestor and evolving into their respective species as a means of adaptation, genetic change, and/or mutation.

41
Q

5 Core Concepts: Structure & Function

A

The structural complexity of an organism & how it allows it to operate. Ex: The skeleton being a support for day-to-day functions.

42
Q

5 Core Concepts: Information Flow

A

The behavior of organisms is seen through the expression of genetic information. Ex: DNA & RNA, hormone regulation, the process of genetic info being passed onto offsprings

43
Q

5 Core Concepts: Pathways of Energy

A

The body being transformed and changed from metabolic processes, and utilizing energy to maintain life. Ex: HOMEOSTASIS

44
Q

5 Core Concepts: Systems

A

Systems in living organisms work together and interact to create optimal results. Ex: Respiratory system brings air and delivers oxygen to the circulatory system which carries the oxygen throughout the body.

45
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Ipsolateral

A

Same side – Ex: SUBJECT’s left arm and left leg

46
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Contralateral

A

Opposite sides – Ex: SUBJECT’s left arm and right leg

47
Q

DIRECTIONAL TERM: Intermedial

A

The area in between the midline and lateral.

48
Q

What are the 6 Characteristics of LIFE?

A

Growth & development, excretion, reproduction, responsiveness, utilization of materials, homeostasis.

EVERYTHING ELMHURST (10 decks)

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