Biology

Question 1

Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 1

Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Lysosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Peroxisomes

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains all genetic material necessary for replication of the cell

Question 3

Mitochondrion

Answer 3

Location of many metabolic processes and ATP production

Question 4

Lysosomes

Answer 4

Membrane bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down many different substrates

Question 5

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

Interconnected membranous structure with ribosomes studding the outside
Site for synthesis of proteins destined for insertion into a membrane of secretion

Question 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Interconnected membranous structure where lipid synthesis and detoxification occurs

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Membrane bound sacs where posttranslational modification of proteins occurs

Question 8

Peroxisomes

Answer 8

Organelle containing hydrogen peroxide

Site of beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids

Question 9

Cell Division

Answer 9

G1
S
G2
M
Mitosis
Meiosis

Question 10

G1

Answer 10

Cell increases its organelles and cytoplasm

Question 11

S

Answer 11

DNA replication

Question 12

G2

Answer 12

Same as G1

Question 13

M

Answer 13

Cell divides in two

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Teleophase

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

PMAT x2

Question 16

Meiosis I

Answer 16

Two pairs of sister chromatids form tetrads during prophase I
Crossing over leads to genetic recombination in prophase I
Homologous chromosomes separate during metaphase I

Question 17

Meiosis II

Answer 17

Essentially identical to mitosis but no replication

Occurs during spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Question 18

Stages of Early Development

Answer 18

Cleavage
Implantation
Gastrulation
Neurulation

Question 19

Cleavage

Answer 19

Mitotic Divisions

Question 20

Implantation

Answer 20

Embryo implants during blastula stage

Question 21

Gastrulation

Answer 21

Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm form

Question 22

Neurulation

Answer 22

Germ layers develop a nervous system

Question 23

Ectoderm

Answer 23

Attract
Nervous system
Epidermis
Lens of eye
Inner ear

Question 24

Endoderm

Answer 24

Lining of digestive tract, lungs, liver and pancreas

Question 25

Mesoderm

Answer 25

``` Muscles Skeleton Circulatory system Gonads Kidney ```

Question 26

Stages of Osmoregulation

Answer 26

Filtration Secretion Reabsorption

Question 27

Filtration

Answer 27

At the glomerulus | Filtrate passively passes through (fluid and small solutes)

Question 28

Secretion

Answer 28

Acids, bases, and ions from interstitial fluid to filtrate Maintains pH, K+ and waste Passive and Active

Question 29

Reabsorption

Answer 29

Essential substances and water flow from filtrate to blood Enabled by osmolarity gradient and selective permeability of the walls Passive and Active

Question 30

Aldosterone

Answer 30

Stimulates Na reabsorption K and H secretion, increasing water reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure Secreted from adrenal cortex Regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 31

ADH

Answer 31

Increases collecting ducts permeability to water to increase water reabsorption Secreted from posterior pituitary with high solute in the blood

Question 32

Kidneys

Answer 32

Regulate salt and water in the blood | Functional unit is nephron