Biology 7.3

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

SOURCE FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Semifluid material
Prokaryotic - all chemical reactions take place directly in this
Eukaryotic - forms these processes within organelles in this

Question 2

Cytoskeleton
(LTPF)

Answer 2

SKELETON
Supporting skeleton of long, thin protein fibers that form framework for cell + provide anchor for organelles inside cell.

Question 3

Microtubules
(LHPC)

Answer 3

CELL SKELETON + MOVEMENT
Long, hollow, protein cylinders that form rigid skeleton for cell + assist in moving substances within cell.

Question 4

Microfilaments
(TPT)

Answer 4

CELL SHAPE + MOVEMENT
Thin protein threads that help give cell shape + enable entire or parts of cell to move

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

MANAGER
Cell’s managing structure
Contains most of cell’s DNA

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

Site of ribosome production

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

PROTEIN FACTORY
Organelles that help manufacture proteins
Made of 2 components: RNA + proteins
(not bound by membrane like other organelles)

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum
(smooth + rough)

Answer 8

FOR RIBOSOMES OR NOT
Smooth - no attached ribosomes, provides membrane surface for molecules like complex carb. + lipids to synthesize
Rough - has attached ribosomes (giving a bumpy look)

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

PACKAGER
Flattened stack of membranes that modifies, shorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

LIKE A WAREHOUSE
Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials within cytoplasm
- sac needed to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by cell

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

DIGESTION (THE STOMACH)
Vesicles that contain substances that digest excess/worn-out organelles + food particles
- also digest bacteria + viruses that enter cell

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

CELL DIVISION
Organelles made of microtubules that function during cell division
- located in cytoplasm of animal cells

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

ENERGY GENERATORS that
convert fuel particles (mainly sugars) into usable energy

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy (light –> chemical) in photosynthesis

Question 15

Cell Wall

Answer 15

Thick, rigid mesh of fibers that surrounds outside of plasma membrane, protects + supports the cell

Question 16

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 16

Cilia - short numerous projections
Flagella - longer + less numerous than Cilia
- both composed of microtubules arranged in 9+2 configurations

Question 17

Key features between plant and animal cells

Answer 17

Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls, which animal cells don’t have