Biology Flashcards
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What is the difference between a chemical and a physical change?
Chemical - changes the makeup
Physical - only changes visually
What is the smallest particle of matter?
Atom
What is atomic number?
Amount of protons, number in top left
What is atomic mass?
Amount of protons and neutrons, under the element name
What are radioactive isotopes?
Unstable nuclei that break down and release energy over time (Atomic #s 83+)
What are some uses of radioactive isotopes?
Tracing, radiation, and rays
What are chemical compounds?
Product of elements combining, makes a different substance, 2+ atoms
What are the two types of bonding?
Ionic ; one element gains an electron, one loses an electron. stronger
Covalent ; Both elements share electrons. weaker
What is a chemical reaction?
Any process where a chemical change happens; parts are reactants and products; two types are synthesis and decomposition
What is a carbohydrate?
2:1 hydrogen to oxygen, cell energy, includes sugars, starch and cellulose
What is a lipid?
> 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen, nonpolar, includes fats, oils and waxes
What is a protein?
Made of amino acids, includes structural proteins and enzymes, builds up
What are nucleic acids?
Molecules of heredity, DNA -> RNA -> protein
What are elements?
Substances made from 1 atom
What are compounds?
Made of 2+ elements
What are organic compounds?
Any compound containing carbon
What are ions?
Atom(s) with positive or negative charge after an ionic bond
What are isotopes?
Has same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons
What are chemical bonds?
2 atoms share electrons in some way
What is an enzyme?
Speeds up reactions, can be reused
What is metabolism?
Chemical processes keeping you alive, amount of fat and calories burned
What is homeostasis?
Ability to maintain stability in an environment
What is an acid and what is a base?
Acid; acidic, 0-7, tart/sour, lemon
Base; 7-14, basic, water
What is the pH scale?
0=14 how acidic (left) or basic (right) something is
