Biology 5 (Nervous and Endocrine Systems) Flashcards
What is a dendrite
- carry impulses from outside the cell to the body
What is axon
- carries the impulse away from the cell body towards neighbouring cells
- conducting wire
What is the myelin sheath
- sometimes covers the axon, speeds up transmission of the nerve impulse
What are terminal knobs
–attach the neuron to other cells (other neurons or target cells)
What are neurotransmitters
–Chemical released by the terminal knobs that carries the impulse from 1 neuron to anothe
What is the synapse
–connection between axon of one neuron and dendrites of an adjacent neuron
What is the direction of impulse
from the dendrites to the terminal knobs
What is a sensory neuron
–carry impulses from sensory receptors (eye, ear, nose, skin, tongue) to the brain
What is a motor neuron
–carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles for movement or glands for hormone secretion
What is an interneuron
- link the sensory and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord
What is the somatic nervous system
- Consciously controlled
- Made up of all sensory neurons
What is the autonomic nervous system
- Unconsciously controlled
What are the types of the autonomic nervous system and what do they do
Sympathetic
–Prepares body for danger
Parasympathetic
–Returns body to normal relaxed state
after stress
What is the endocrine system
- sends messages to control and coordinate the body’s internal environment
- sent by chemicals that are called hormones
Into where are hormones released
- directly into the bloodstream
What releases hormones
- One type of cell that has an effect on another type of cell somewhere else
What do hormones do
- help regulate and coordinate the functions of almost all organ systems
-important in maintaining a constant internal environment - control many developmental changes
What are glands
- Organ that manufactures and secretes hormones
What are the things that control hormone secretion
- pituary gland
- hypothalamus
Does the pituary gland or the hypothalamus secrete more hormones
- pituary gland secretes the most
