Biology

Question 0

What is antagonist?

Answer 0

Antagonists are muscles that have the potential to oppose the action of the agonist

Question 1

What is agonist?

Answer 1

Prime mover is muscle that causes a desired motion

Question 2

What is the synergist?

Answer 2

Synergistic muscles assist the agonist in causing a desired action. They may act as joint stabilizers, or may neutralize rotation, or be activated when the extension force increases or the agonist is tired.

Question 3

What is call co-contraction?

Answer 3

Co-contraction occurs when the agonist and antagonist contract together and a joint must be stabilized by stabilizer muscles

Question 4

Osteoblasts

Answer 4

Specialized bone cells that build bone

Question 5

Torque circulation

R x Ra= F x Fa

Answer 5

R – resistance
Ra - resistance arm
F - motive force
Fa - force arm

Question 6

What is supination?

Answer 6

Rotation of the radioulnar joint and forearm outward is supination (anatomical position).

Question 7

What is pronation?

Answer 7

Palms face posteriorly.

Question 8

What are the 4 angular movements defined by synovial joints?

Answer 8

– Flexion
– Extension
– Abduction
– Adduction

Question 9

What are 4 general groups of movement in synovial joints?

Answer 9

– Gliding
– Angular
– Circumduction
– Rotation

Question 10

Bones.

What is Medullary cavity?

Answer 10

That hollow space inside the diaphysis (middle shaft of the bone). It is used as a storage site for fat and it’s sometimes called the yellow bone marrow cavity

Question 11

What is Arterioles?

Answer 11

Small-diameter blood vessels that extend and branch out from an artery and lead to capillaries; the primary site of vascular resistance

Question 12

What is axis of rotation?

Answer 12

Axis of rotation is the imaginary line or point about which an object, such as a joint, rotates.

Question 13

What is dorsal?

Answer 13

The top surface of the feet and hands

Question 14

What is pulmonary circuit?

Answer 14

The right side of the heart receives blood that is partially depleted of its O2 content and it contains more CO2 after having passed through the cells. This blood is pushed into the lungs where it releases CO2 in exchange for O2.

Question 15

What is transverse plane?

Answer 15

A horizontal plane; an imaginary line that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Question 16

What is posterior/dorsal?

Answer 16

Towards the back

Question 17

What is anterior/ventral?

Answer 17

Towards the front

Question 18

What is the space between the lungs called - Mediastinum?

Answer 18

The 2 lungs are separated by a space cold mediastinum. It contains heart, aorta, esophagus and part of the trachea

Question 19

What is Sagittal plane?

Answer 19

A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections

Question 20

What are the 3 main types of joints?

Answer 20

1. Fibrous (Little or no movement, also called synarthrodial)
2. Cartilaginous (vertebral; pubic symphysis)
3. Synovial (freely movable; diarthrosis - through joint)

Question 21

Where is the carotid artery?

Answer 21

The carotid arteries are major blood vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face.

Question 22

What are the hip flexor muscles?

Answer 22

Now let’s move on to look at the muscles which produce flexion at the hip joint. There are four, two that act only at the hip, and two that act at the hip and also at the knee. The first two are the most important hip flexors - they’re called iliacus, and psoas major.
Iliacus arises here from the iliac crest, psoas major from all the way up here, on the lumbar spine.
Here’s psoas major. Psoas major arises from the transverse processes of all five lumbar vertebrae, and from the sides of the intervertebral discs and the adjoining vertebral bodies. We’ll see its insertion in a moment.
Here’s iliacus. Iliacus arises from almost all of the inner aspect of the wing of the ilium.

Question 23

The core consists of general muscles of which regions?

Answer 23

The core consists of muscles of the lumbar-pelvic region, hips, abdomen and lower back.