Biology 3: Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

1. Use 2 ATP to break glucose in half (each half gets a phosphate)
2. Additional free phosphates attached to 3C (carbon) chain
3. NAD+ picks up H+ and 2 electrons and becomes NADH
4. Use the 4 phosphates to make 4 ATP
5. End up with 2 pyruvic acid (+ 2 NADH)

Question 2

Krebs Cycle

Answer 2

1. 1 CO2 pulled off between glycolysis and Krebs cycle
2. NAD+ picks up 2 electrons and H+
3. Each 3C pyruvic acid molecule combines with H2O to yeild 3 CO2 molecules and 1 ATP
4. H+ and electons are captured by NAD+ (NADH) and FAD (FADH)

Question 3

Where does Glycolysis happen?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Where does the Krebs Cycle happen?

Answer 4

Mitochondria

Question 5

Product of Glycolysis

Answer 5

2 pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

Question 6

Product of the Krebs Cycle

Answer 6

6 CO2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 7

Product of Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle

Answer 7

ATP: 4
NADH: 8
FADH2: 2
CO2: 6

Question 8

Producer:

Answer 8

autotroph

Question 9

Consumer:

Answer 9

heterotroph

Question 10

Photosynthesis:

Answer 10

Carbon Dioxide
\+ Water
\+ Sunlight
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
oxygen & glucose

Question 11

Cellular respiration:

Answer 11

A chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into another form of chemical energy (all organisms)

Question 12

Energy used/produced by consumers

Answer 12

thermal energy, chemical energy

Question 13

Cellular respiration for Consumers:

Answer 13

oxygen
+ glucose
________
carbon dioxide + water = energy

Question 14

Formula for ETC:

Answer 14

O2 + glicose = ATP + CO2 + H2O

Question 15

Breathing is for:

Answer 15

• Higher CO2 concentration in blood diffuses OUT into air in lungs
• Higher O2 concentration in air diffuses INTO blood

Question 16

Steps of ETC:

Answer 16

1. E- strongly attracted to O
2. E- pass through several proteins on the way in
3. Release energy at each step used for H+ active transport
4. Purpose of O = to draw electrons through the chain

Question 17

Where does ETC take place?

Answer 17

Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

Steps of the Electron Transport Chain

Answer 18

• NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to proteins in inner membrane
• Electrons “falling” towards O provide the energy for H+ active transport
• H+ diffusing back through ATP synthase in membrane (up to 34 ATP)
• O2 picks up E- at the end attract H+ and become H2O

Question 19

Product of ETC:

Answer 19

6 CO2, 6 H2O, 34 ATP

Question 20

How is water produced?

Answer 20

Breathe in O. O combines with E- and H+ ions.

Question 21

Fermentation

Answer 21

• Doesn’t require oxygen
• lactic acid
• 2 ATP
• short bursts of energy
• less efficient than Cellular Respiration

Question 22

Anaerobic Respirtation

Answer 22

• Fermentation

- without oxygen

Question 23

Photosynthesis

Answer 23

1) Light strikes the photosystem
2) Energized e passed to ETC
3) Lost e replaced by e from H20
- go through ATP synthase, produce ATP

Question 24

Chlorophyll a

Answer 24

absorbs blue/violet and red light

Question 25

Chlorophyll b

Answer 25

absorbs blue and orange

Question 26

Carotenoids

Answer 26

absorb blue/green

Question 27

Photosystems

Answer 27

clusters of light absorbing pigments

Question 28

Calvin Cycle

Answer 28

1) 3C02 molecules are added to unstable carbon chains
2) 6ATP used -> energy stored in the carbon chains
3) 6NADPH used-> provide H to make glucose
4) product = 1G3P molecule
5) 3ATP used to set up for the next cycle

Question 29

Chromatin

Answer 29

uncoiled DNA protein spools

Question 30

Chromosome

Answer 30

unit of condensed DNA

Question 31

Sister Chromatid

Answer 31

one half of a replicated chromosome

Question 32

Centromere

Answer 32

central point where sister chromatids are connected