Biology 3: Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

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1
Q

Glycolysis

A
  1. Use 2 ATP to break glucose in half (each half gets a phosphate)
  2. Additional free phosphates attached to 3C (carbon) chain
  3. NAD+ picks up H+ and 2 electrons and becomes NADH
  4. Use the 4 phosphates to make 4 ATP
  5. End up with 2 pyruvic acid (+ 2 NADH)
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2
Q

Krebs Cycle

A
  1. 1 CO2 pulled off between glycolysis and Krebs cycle
  2. NAD+ picks up 2 electrons and H+
  3. Each 3C pyruvic acid molecule combines with H2O to yeild 3 CO2 molecules and 1 ATP
  4. H+ and electons are captured by NAD+ (NADH) and FAD (FADH)
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3
Q

Where does Glycolysis happen?

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle happen?

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

Product of Glycolysis

A

2 pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

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6
Q

Product of the Krebs Cycle

A

6 CO2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2

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7
Q

Product of Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle

A

ATP: 4
NADH: 8
FADH2: 2
CO2: 6

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8
Q

Producer:

A

autotroph

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9
Q

Consumer:

A

heterotroph

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10
Q

Photosynthesis:

A
Carbon Dioxide
\+ Water
\+ Sunlight
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
oxygen & glucose
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11
Q

Cellular respiration:

A

A chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into another form of chemical energy (all organisms)

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12
Q

Energy used/produced by consumers

A

thermal energy, chemical energy

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13
Q

Cellular respiration for Consumers:

A

oxygen
+ glucose
________
carbon dioxide + water = energy

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14
Q

Formula for ETC:

A

O2 + glicose = ATP + CO2 + H2O

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15
Q

Breathing is for:

A
  • Higher CO2 concentration in blood diffuses OUT into air in lungs
  • Higher O2 concentration in air diffuses INTO blood
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16
Q

Steps of ETC:

A
  1. E- strongly attracted to O
  2. E- pass through several proteins on the way in
  3. Release energy at each step used for H+ active transport
  4. Purpose of O = to draw electrons through the chain
17
Q

Where does ETC take place?

A

Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane

18
Q

Steps of the Electron Transport Chain

A
  • NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to proteins in inner membrane
  • Electrons “falling” towards O provide the energy for H+ active transport
  • H+ diffusing back through ATP synthase in membrane (up to 34 ATP)
  • O2 picks up E- at the end attract H+ and become H2O
19
Q

Product of ETC:

A

6 CO2, 6 H2O, 34 ATP

20
Q

How is water produced?

A

Breathe in O. O combines with E- and H+ ions.

21
Q

Fermentation

A
  • Doesn’t require oxygen
  • lactic acid
  • 2 ATP
  • short bursts of energy
  • less efficient than Cellular Respiration
22
Q

Anaerobic Respirtation

A
  • Fermentation

- without oxygen

23
Q

Photosynthesis

A

1) Light strikes the photosystem
2) Energized e passed to ETC
3) Lost e replaced by e from H20
- go through ATP synthase, produce ATP

24
Q

Chlorophyll a

A

absorbs blue/violet and red light

25
Q

Chlorophyll b

A

absorbs blue and orange

26
Q

Carotenoids

A

absorb blue/green

27
Q

Photosystems

A

clusters of light absorbing pigments

28
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

1) 3C02 molecules are added to unstable carbon chains
2) 6ATP used -> energy stored in the carbon chains
3) 6NADPH used-> provide H to make glucose
4) product = 1G3P molecule
5) 3ATP used to set up for the next cycle

29
Q

Chromatin

A

uncoiled DNA protein spools

30
Q

Chromosome

A

unit of condensed DNA

31
Q

Sister Chromatid

A

one half of a replicated chromosome

32
Q

Centromere

A

central point where sister chromatids are connected