Biology 14: Biotech

Question 1

DNA Primer

Answer 1

small piece of DNA that allows DNA polymerase to attach

Question 2

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 2

separates DNA fragments by size

Question 3

Nucleic Acid Probe

Answer 3

identifies specific DNA seg. using radioactive/ fluorescent tags

Question 4

Sticky Ends

Answer 4

unattached nucleotides at ends of DNA strands after restriction enzyme cuts

Question 5

Plasmid

Answer 5

extra loop of bacterial DNA

Question 6

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 6

quickly makes many copies of DNA without cells

Question 7

Recombinant DNA

Answer 7

DNA blended from multiple sources

Question 8

DNA Polymerase

Answer 8

Enzyme that assembles nucleotides to make more DNA

Question 9

DNA Ligase

Answer 9

Enzyme that “glues” DNA fragments together

Question 10

DNA Cloning

Answer 10

re-programs bacteria to make many copies of a gene we want

Question 11

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 11

uses patterns of sliced and sorted DNA to identify a person

Question 12

Restriction Enzyme

Answer 12

cuts DNA at set locations based on the nucleotide sequence

Question 13

Natural Cloning

Answer 13

Bacterial: asexual reproduction
Mitotic Cell Division
Identical twins

Question 14

Artificial Cloning

Answer 14

gene cloning: gene spliced into a plasmid, then replicated as part of normal bacterial cell division

Question 15

Therapeutic Cloning

Answer 15

produce a clone embryo in order to produce unspecialized stem cells then induce stem cells to grow into many different kinds of cells, then grow specialized tissues to study or replace diseased, damaged tissue

Question 16

Reproductive Cloning

Answer 16

add DNA to egg, clone larger organisms