Biology 2: Biochem

Question 1

Molecule

Answer 1

2 or more atoms joined together.

Question 2

Atoms bond with other atoms…

Answer 2

to become more stable and to fill their outer energy levels

Question 3

Ionic Bond

Answer 3

one atom “steals” electron from another

Question 4

Covalent Bond

Answer 4

atoms “share” electrons

Question 5

Polar Molecule

Answer 5

molecule with a positive and a negative end

it’s atoms do not share electrons equally

Question 6

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 6

the hydrogen (positive) end of a polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule
(often O or N)

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

polar water molecules are attracted to each other, and this creates surface tension

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

polar water molecules are attracted to other polar molecules

Question 9

Surface Tension

Answer 9

caused by cohesion, “skin” on the surface of water

Question 10

Cohesion + Adhesion

Answer 10

keeps molecules organized inside cells

allows H2O to move against gravity in plants

Question 11

Temperature Moderation

Answer 11

adding heat makes molecules “twitch” faster
hydrogen bonds moderate movement
areas near water have a more stable climate
evaporation helps organisms maintain homeostasis

Question 12

Low density of ice

Answer 12

lose thermal energy => molecules slow down => H bonds lock them in place in a grid => molecules are farther apart, so they are less dense and the ice floats

Question 13

Water is good at dissolving because…

Answer 13

it’s polar!

Question 14

Solution

Answer 14

uniform combination of two or more substances

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

thing that gets dissolved

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

thing that does the dissolving (pulls ions away)

Question 17

Polar charges…

Answer 17

on H2O molecules are attracted to charted regions of other polar molecules

Question 18

For something to dissolve,

Answer 18

the attraction to water must be greater than the attraction to itself

Question 19

The solvent used by organisms…

Answer 19

water

Question 20

In solutions…

Answer 20

a few H2Os split into ions

Question 21

Acids

Answer 21

pH<7 add H to solution

Question 22

Bases

Answer 22

pH>7 remove H from solution

Question 23

Buffers

Answer 23

substances that help organisms maintain pH homeostasis

Question 24

Carbohydrates Composition

Answer 24

2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen, 1 Carbon

Question 25

Carbohydrates Root

Answer 25

Sugar molecules

Question 26

Examples of Carbs

Answer 26

Pasta and potatoes

Question 27

Starch

Answer 27

source of energy, basic element of diet, animal energy storage

Question 28

Monosaccharide

Answer 28

a single sugar unit (glucose)

Question 29

Disaccharide

Answer 29

two monosaccharides (sucrose)

Question 30

Polysaccharide

Answer 30

many monosaccharides

Question 31

Glycogen

Answer 31

animal polysaccharide; energy storage, branched chain

Question 32

cellulose

Answer 32

plant polysaccharide; building block

Question 33

Organic

Answer 33

Carbon based

Question 34

Inorganic

Answer 34

non-carbon based

Question 35

Why is Carbon so important?

Answer 35

It can bond with 4 other atoms It usually forms stable covalent bonds It easily forms long, branched, or ring shaped compounds

Question 36

Monomer

Answer 36

building block molecule

Question 37

Polymer

Answer 37

longer chains of monomers linked together

Question 38

Lipids

Answer 38

Fats that avoid water

Question 39

Lipids composition

Answer 39

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 40

Saturated Fat

Answer 40

contains the max amount of H atoms, animal, solid

Question 41

Un-Saturated Fat

Answer 41

contains less than max amount of H atoms, plant, liquid

Question 42

Hydrophobic

Answer 42

Water fearing

Question 43

Hydrophilic

Answer 43

Water loving

Question 44

Steroid

Answer 44

cholesterol, 4 rings fused together, hormones

Question 45

Why are Lipids important?

Answer 45

they cushion organs store energy provide the body with insulation

Question 46

Proteins Composition

Answer 46

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen

Question 47

Why are Proteins important?

Answer 47

they control chemical reactions | they are the main thing in muscle

Question 48

Amino Acid

Answer 48

central carbon atom bonded to 4 partners

Question 49

Poly Peptide

Answer 49

several amino acids

Question 50

Denaturation

Answer 50

an unfavorable charge that causes the protein to lose shape

Question 51

Activation Energy

Answer 51

energy needed to activate a chemical reaction

Question 52

Catalysts

Answer 52

the trigger that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy

Question 53

Enzymes

Answer 53

the catalysts of chemical reactions in organisms - proteins with specific shapes - each catalyses only one specific kind of substrate - can be used over and over

Question 54

Substrate:

Answer 54

what an enzyme works on

Question 55

Active Site

Answer 55

area on an enzyme where its substrate fits and reactions occur

Question 56

-ase

Answer 56

enzyme

Question 57

-ose

Answer 57

substrate