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Science > Biology 2: Biochem > Flashcards

Biology 2: Biochem Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms joined together.

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2
Q

Atoms bond with other atoms…

A

to become more stable and to fill their outer energy levels

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3
Q

Ionic Bond

A

one atom “steals” electron from another

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4
Q

Covalent Bond

A

atoms “share” electrons

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5
Q

Polar Molecule

A

molecule with a positive and a negative end

it’s atoms do not share electrons equally

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6
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A 
the hydrogen (positive) end of a polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule
(often O or N)
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7
Q

Cohesion

A

polar water molecules are attracted to each other, and this creates surface tension

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8
Q

Adhesion

A

polar water molecules are attracted to other polar molecules

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9
Q

Surface Tension

A

caused by cohesion, “skin” on the surface of water

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10
Q

Cohesion + Adhesion

A

keeps molecules organized inside cells

allows H2O to move against gravity in plants

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11
Q

Temperature Moderation

A

adding heat makes molecules “twitch” faster
hydrogen bonds moderate movement
areas near water have a more stable climate
evaporation helps organisms maintain homeostasis

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12
Q

Low density of ice

A

lose thermal energy => molecules slow down => H bonds lock them in place in a grid => molecules are farther apart, so they are less dense and the ice floats

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13
Q

Water is good at dissolving because…

A

it’s polar!

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14
Q

Solution

A

uniform combination of two or more substances

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15
Q

Solute

A

thing that gets dissolved

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16
Q

Solvent

A

thing that does the dissolving (pulls ions away)

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17
Q

Polar charges…

A

on H2O molecules are attracted to charted regions of other polar molecules

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18
Q

For something to dissolve,

A

the attraction to water must be greater than the attraction to itself

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19
Q

The solvent used by organisms…

A

water

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20
Q

In solutions…

A

a few H2Os split into ions

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21
Q

Acids

A

pH<7 add H to solution

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22
Q

Bases

A

pH>7 remove H from solution

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23
Q

Buffers

A

substances that help organisms maintain pH homeostasis

24
Q

Carbohydrates Composition

A

2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen, 1 Carbon

25
Q

Carbohydrates Root

A

Sugar molecules

26
Q

Examples of Carbs

A

Pasta and potatoes

27
Q

Starch

A

source of energy, basic element of diet, animal energy storage

28
Q

Monosaccharide

A

a single sugar unit (glucose)

29
Q

Disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides (sucrose)

30
Q

Polysaccharide

A

many monosaccharides

31
Q

Glycogen

A

animal polysaccharide; energy storage, branched chain

32
Q

cellulose

A

plant polysaccharide; building block

33
Q

Organic

A

Carbon based

34
Q

Inorganic

A

non-carbon based

35
Q

Why is Carbon so important?

A

It can bond with 4 other atoms
It usually forms stable covalent bonds
It easily forms long, branched, or ring shaped compounds

36
Q

Monomer

A

building block molecule

37
Q

Polymer

A

longer chains of monomers linked together

38
Q

Lipids

A

Fats that avoid water

39
Q

Lipids composition

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

40
Q

Saturated Fat

A

contains the max amount of H atoms, animal, solid

41
Q

Un-Saturated Fat

A

contains less than max amount of H atoms, plant, liquid

42
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing

43
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

44
Q

Steroid

A

cholesterol, 4 rings fused together, hormones

45
Q

Why are Lipids important?

A

they cushion organs
store energy
provide the body with insulation

46
Q

Proteins Composition

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen

47
Q

Why are Proteins important?

A

they control chemical reactions

they are the main thing in muscle

48
Q

Amino Acid

A

central carbon atom bonded to 4 partners

49
Q

Poly Peptide

A

several amino acids

50
Q

Denaturation

A

an unfavorable charge that causes the protein to lose shape

51
Q

Activation Energy

A

energy needed to activate a chemical reaction

52
Q

Catalysts

A

the trigger that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy

53
Q

Enzymes

A

the catalysts of chemical reactions in organisms

  • proteins with specific shapes
  • each catalyses only one specific kind of substrate
  • can be used over and over
54
Q

Substrate:

A

what an enzyme works on

55
Q

Active Site

A

area on an enzyme where its substrate fits and reactions occur

56
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

57
Q

-ose

A

substrate

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