BIOLOGY 3 Flashcards
we inherit from our parents
TRAIT
located within an organism’s genes
TRAIT INFORMATION
sections of DNA that is passed from parent to child during reproduction
genes
father of genetics
GREGOR MENDEL
must be based on discrete unit of inheritance
HEREDITY
what age does gregor mendel ender monastery
21
each parent has a set of genes and these are retained intact in the offspring
GENE THEORY
what does mendel worked with?
PEA PLANTS
why pea plants?
MULTIPLE VARIABLES THAT ARE CLREARLY VISIBLE
traits of pea plants
FLOWER COLOR
SEED COLOR
SEED SHAPE
POD COLOR
POD SHAPE
FLOWER POSITION
AXIAL OR TERMINAL
STEM LENGTH
short in pea plants
GENERATION
many in pea plants
OFFSPRING
what is easy to control in pea plants
MATING
what is the 3 laws of mendel?
LAW OF SEGREGATION
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
LAW OF DOMIANCE
portion of genes
ALLELES
when does alleles for each egen segregate?
DURING GAMETE FORMATION
4 cells with half number of chromosomes
MEIOSIS
no fixed pattern r allignment
METAPHASE PLATE
what happenes with genes for the different traits during gamete formation
ASSORT INDEPENDENTLY OF EACH OTHER
if only one trait
MONOHYBRID CROSS
if two or more traits
DIHYBRID CROSS
not a matter of size
DOMINANCE
two of the same allele
HOMOZYGOUS
two different alleles
HETEROZYGOUS
PP
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT
pp
HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
Pp
HETEROZYGOUS
if uppercase letter
DOMINANT
IF lower case letters
RECESSIVE
genes that correspond to a certain trait
GENOTYPE
associated with physical characteristics that relate to those trait
PHENOTYPE
Bb , BB , bb EXAMPLES OF WHAT?
GENOTYPE
blue eyes, violet eyes , red eyes EXAMPLE OF WHAT?
PHENOTYPE
factors do not bleed and the phenotype of the similar to only one parent.
NON BLEEDING INHERITANCE
He presented result in a form of ratio , at that time, mathematical forms of biological results were not easily accepted
MATHEMATICS COMPUTATION IN BIOLOGY
mendel said that there is a factor which are passed from one generation to the other, he had no physical proofs of those units.
NO PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF GENES/ CHROMOSOMES
what year does mendel study traits
1860
beginning with simple lenses used to zoom into the desired structures.
MICROSCOPES
can give us minute details of the smallest possible structure
ELECTRON MICROSCOPES
phases of cell division
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
american geneticist and physician
WALTER SUTTON
what does walter sutton used for his experiment
GRASSHOPPERS
occur in pairs and during meiosis seperate from one another
CHROMOSOMES
german biologist
THEODOR BOVERI
what does theodor boveri worked for his experiment
SEA URCHINS
when does sutton and boveri experimented
1880
used to study neurodegenrative disorders
FRUIT FLY
father of experimental genetics
THOMAS HUNT MORGAN
when does thomas hunt morgan experimented
1900
what does thomas hunt morgan spotted
WHITE EYES FRUIT FLIES
they are normally found in nature
WILD TYPE
one with random mutations
MUTANT TYPE
not sex chromosomes
AUTOSOMES
characteristcs or traits that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes
SEX LINKED TRAITS
found at specific location on a particular chromosomes
INDIVIDUAL GENES
the process by which a double stranded dna molecule is copied to produced two identical DNA molecules
DNA REPLICATION
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in RNA
TRANSLATION
process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger
TRANSCRIPTION
means true
DOGMA
take place in membrane bound nucleus
EUKARYOTES
adenine always pair with?
THYMINE
thymine always pair with?
ADENINE
Guanine always pair with ?
CYTOSINE
cytosine always pair with?
GUANINE
when RNA, adenine pairs with?
URACIL
a three letter genetic sequence bth found in DNA and RNA
CODON
