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4th quarter > BIOLOGY 3 > Flashcards

BIOLOGY 3 Flashcards

1
Q

we inherit from our parents

A

TRAIT

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2
Q

located within an organism’s genes

A

TRAIT INFORMATION

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3
Q

sections of DNA that is passed from parent to child during reproduction

A

genes

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4
Q

father of genetics

A

GREGOR MENDEL

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5
Q

must be based on discrete unit of inheritance

A

HEREDITY

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6
Q

what age does gregor mendel ender monastery

A

21

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7
Q

each parent has a set of genes and these are retained intact in the offspring

A

GENE THEORY

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8
Q

what does mendel worked with?

A

PEA PLANTS

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9
Q

why pea plants?

A

MULTIPLE VARIABLES THAT ARE CLREARLY VISIBLE

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10
Q

traits of pea plants

A

FLOWER COLOR
SEED COLOR
SEED SHAPE
POD COLOR
POD SHAPE
FLOWER POSITION
AXIAL OR TERMINAL
STEM LENGTH

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11
Q

short in pea plants

A

GENERATION

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12
Q

many in pea plants

A

OFFSPRING

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13
Q

what is easy to control in pea plants

A

MATING

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14
Q

what is the 3 laws of mendel?

A

LAW OF SEGREGATION
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
LAW OF DOMIANCE

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15
Q

portion of genes

A

ALLELES

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16
Q

when does alleles for each egen segregate?

A

DURING GAMETE FORMATION

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17
Q

4 cells with half number of chromosomes

A

MEIOSIS

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18
Q

no fixed pattern r allignment

A

METAPHASE PLATE

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19
Q

what happenes with genes for the different traits during gamete formation

A

ASSORT INDEPENDENTLY OF EACH OTHER

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20
Q

if only one trait

A

MONOHYBRID CROSS

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21
Q

if two or more traits

A

DIHYBRID CROSS

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22
Q

not a matter of size

A

DOMINANCE

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23
Q

two of the same allele

A

HOMOZYGOUS

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24
Q

two different alleles

A

HETEROZYGOUS

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25
Q

PP

A

HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT

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26
Q

pp

A

HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE

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27
Q

Pp

A

HETEROZYGOUS

28
Q

if uppercase letter

A

DOMINANT

29
Q

IF lower case letters

A

RECESSIVE

30
Q

genes that correspond to a certain trait

A

GENOTYPE

31
Q

associated with physical characteristics that relate to those trait

A

PHENOTYPE

32
Q

Bb , BB , bb EXAMPLES OF WHAT?

A

GENOTYPE

33
Q

blue eyes, violet eyes , red eyes EXAMPLE OF WHAT?

A

PHENOTYPE

34
Q

factors do not bleed and the phenotype of the similar to only one parent.

A

NON BLEEDING INHERITANCE

35
Q

He presented result in a form of ratio , at that time, mathematical forms of biological results were not easily accepted

A

MATHEMATICS COMPUTATION IN BIOLOGY

36
Q

mendel said that there is a factor which are passed from one generation to the other, he had no physical proofs of those units.

A

NO PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF GENES/ CHROMOSOMES

37
Q

what year does mendel study traits

A

1860

38
Q

beginning with simple lenses used to zoom into the desired structures.

A

MICROSCOPES

39
Q

can give us minute details of the smallest possible structure

A

ELECTRON MICROSCOPES

40
Q

phases of cell division

A

INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
CYTOKINESIS

41
Q

american geneticist and physician

A

WALTER SUTTON

42
Q

what does walter sutton used for his experiment

A

GRASSHOPPERS

43
Q

occur in pairs and during meiosis seperate from one another

A

CHROMOSOMES

44
Q

german biologist

A

THEODOR BOVERI

45
Q

what does theodor boveri worked for his experiment

A

SEA URCHINS

46
Q

when does sutton and boveri experimented

A

1880

47
Q

used to study neurodegenrative disorders

A

FRUIT FLY

48
Q

father of experimental genetics

A

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

49
Q

when does thomas hunt morgan experimented

A

1900

50
Q

what does thomas hunt morgan spotted

A

WHITE EYES FRUIT FLIES

51
Q

they are normally found in nature

A

WILD TYPE

52
Q

one with random mutations

A

MUTANT TYPE

53
Q

not sex chromosomes

A

AUTOSOMES

54
Q

characteristcs or traits that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes

A

SEX LINKED TRAITS

55
Q

found at specific location on a particular chromosomes

A

INDIVIDUAL GENES

56
Q

the process by which a double stranded dna molecule is copied to produced two identical DNA molecules

A

DNA REPLICATION

57
Q

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in RNA

A

TRANSLATION

58
Q

process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger

A

TRANSCRIPTION

59
Q

means true

A

DOGMA

60
Q

take place in membrane bound nucleus

A

EUKARYOTES

61
Q

adenine always pair with?

A

THYMINE

62
Q

thymine always pair with?

A

ADENINE

63
Q

Guanine always pair with ?

A

CYTOSINE

64
Q

cytosine always pair with?

A

GUANINE

65
Q

when RNA, adenine pairs with?

A

URACIL

66
Q

a three letter genetic sequence bth found in DNA and RNA

A

CODON

4th quarter (14 decks)

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