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GCSE revision > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What controls the chemical reactions inside cells?

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

How is a nerve cell specialised?

A

Function - to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body

Specialisations -
Long
Connections at each end
Can carry electrical signals

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3
Q

How are villi specialised?

A

Function - to absorb nutrients

Specialisations -
Large surface area
Large blood flow

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4
Q

What happens to a plant cell if you put it in pure water?

A

The cell wll fill with water and become turgid

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5
Q

What do vacuoles of plant cells contain?

A

Cell sap

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6
Q

How is a root hair cell specialised?

A

Function - to absorb water and minerals

Specialisations -
Large surface area

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7
Q

What is osmosis and where does it occur?

A

Water particles move from a net high area of concentration to a low area of concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Osmosisoccurs in root hair cells

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8
Q

How is a guard cell specialised?

A

Function - to open/close stomata

Specialisations -
Sausage shaped and able to change shape

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9
Q

What happens to a plant cell if you put it in highly salty water?

A

The cell will shrink and become flaccid

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10
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

To strengthen the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts

A

To absorb light energy to make food via photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

A

it is filled with cell sap and provides a store of water

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13
Q

What affects the rate of diffusion?

A

The temperature and concentration difference

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14
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Where energy is released from respiration

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15
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Where protein synthesis occurs

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16
Q

How are red blood cells specialised?

A

Large surface area for oxygen
Haemoglobin which binds the oxygen
No nucleus when mature

17
Q

What is the function of a nucleus

A

Contains the DNA and controls the activities of the cell

18
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

Where most of the chemical reactions take place

19
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane

A

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

20
Q

What is diffusion and where does it take place?

A

Diffusion is the net movement of particles of gas(or liquid) from a high area of concentration to a low area of concentration

Diffusion occurs in the lungs, this is how oxygen moves into the blood

21
Q

Where in a cell does AEROBIC respiration take place?

A

Within the mitochondria

22
Q

How do plants store glucose?

A

Insoluble starch

23
Q

What is the equation for AEROBIC respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

24
Q

What is the difference between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC respiration?

A

AEROBIC respiration uses oxygen

ANAEROBIC respiration does not use oxygen

25
Q

Why do plants need nitrates?

A

These are needed to produce amino acids which are used to make proteins

26
Q

Why do plants need Magnesium?

A

This is needed for chlorophyll production

27
Q

What are enzymes and how do they work?

A

Enzymes are biological catylysts, they are protein molecules made of long chains of amino acids

Enzymes work as a lock and a key, they have different shapes for different things such as a protease (for proteins) etc

28
Q

What minerals do plants need for growth?

A

Nitrates and magnesium

29
Q

What is the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

30
Q

What can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Temperature
Carbon dioxide levels
Light intensity

31
Q

Where is the enzyme AMYLASE produced and what does it break down?

A

In the mouth ( converting starch into sugars)

GCSE revision (7 decks)

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