Biology 2 exchange and transport in animals Flashcards
What is cellular respiration
An exothermic reaction which transfers energy from glucose , breaks apart gluscise molecules to release energy that is trapped inside , only being transfers
How do organism use there energy
Builder larger molecules from smaller
Muscular contraction so that we can move
Maintain body temperature
What is metabolism
All the chemical reactions that occur in a body
What is aerobic respiration
Enough oxygen , most efficient way to transfer energy from glusocse takes place in mitochondria
What is the aerobic equation
Gluscise + oxygen = carbo. Dioxide + water
C6h12o6+6o2=6co2+6h2o
What is anaerobic respiration
Not enough oxygen only used when we really need to eg sprinting
What is the word equation for anaerobic
Glusocse = lactic acid
What are the top chambers called
Atriums
Want do valves do
Prevent bank flow to ensure blood flows in write directio
How does blood go into to the heart
Through vena cava and pulmonary vein , blood from pulmory is oxygenated as it’s from lungs , blood in be a cava is retiring from loop of body therefor deoxygenated
Where does the blood go
It’s gets pushed to ventricles which contracts and gets pushed to pulmory artery to the lungs and the aorta which goes to the whole body
What are artery’s
The carry blood away from heart
At night temperatures meaning they are strong and elastic
What are capillaries
Exchange nutrients and oxygen with tissues
Very small , take way waste products there walls are only single cell thrice and permamble so there cells can diffuse
What are veins
Carry blood into heart
Large and have thin walls , have valves which prevent backlfolw and always flows to heart
How to calculate rate of blood flow
Divide how ,inch blood is flowed by the time it took
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen from lungs tikka other tissue no nucleus
What do white blood cells do
Defend us against infection
What do plateletEts do
The clot blood to stop blood from pouring out of and stop the microorganism getting in
What does plasma do
Makes blood watery is it can flow , carries nutitrnets and waste products
Function of lungs
We breath goes to trachea there passed down to branches reaches the alveoli the site of gas exchange
Adaptation to alveoli
Thin layer of cells so create short diffusion increase rate which carbon and oxygen can diffuse through
What are specialised exchange surfaces
Parts of organism over which they exchange substances with their environment
Examples of this are
Alveoli
Root hair cells
Leaves
Villi
What are common features
Large surface area , lots of molecules can diffuse at same time
Diffusion is higher
Surfaces thin , short distance to diffuse take place more quickly
Each get are per able allow across rather than blocking
