Biology 2

Question 1

Mutation what is it?

Answer 1

A permanent change in DNA

Question 2

Types of mutation

Answer 2

Insertion
Substitution
Deletion

Question 3

Substitution

Answer 3

Hunting tons disease

Question 4

Insertion

Answer 4

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 5

Deletion

Answer 5

Digeorge syndrome

Question 6

Independent assortment

Answer 6

During meiosis pairs of chromosomes can line up in different ways at equator

Question 7

Crossing over

Answer 7

A section of one chromosome crosses over another chromosome then breaks and rejoins = different recombination of features in gametes

Question 8

Genetic variation causes

Answer 8

Mutation
Independent assortment
Crossing over

Question 9

adaptation

Answer 9

species evolves characteristics which enable it to survive and reproduce in a particular habit

Question 10

3 types of adaptation

Answer 10

structural
behavioural
functional

Question 11

structural

Answer 11

physical structure change

Question 12

structural example

Answer 12

fish - fins (gills to breathe)

Question 13

behavioural example

Answer 13

nocturnal

hibernation

Question 14

functional example

Answer 14

camoflauging

kangaroo pausing pregnancy

Question 15

biodiversity

Answer 15

number of different species present in a particular area and genetic diversity of genes

Question 16

evolution

Answer 16

creation of biodiversity

Question 17

variation

Answer 17

diversity within a species

Question 18

two types of variation

Answer 18

genetic and environmental

Question 19

5 steps of natural selection

Answer 19

Variation 
Environment 
Selection 
Survival 
Reproduction

Question 20

isolation

Answer 20

separation in environment results in reproduction of two species

Question 21

what happens during isolation

Answer 21

mutation and natural selection

Question 22

types of isolation

Answer 22

geographical
temporal
behavioural

Question 23

geographical isolation

Answer 23

two pop of same species seperate due to sine typeof physical barrier

Question 24

geographical isolation example

Answer 24

oceans
rivers
mountain ranges

Question 25

temporal isolation

Answer 25

different types of season coming out at different times

Question 26

example of temporal isolation

Answer 26

toad species come out in summer and winter

Question 27

behavioural isolation

Answer 27

mating ritual differs

Question 28

evidence of evolution

Answer 28

fossils comparative anatomy dna and protein structure embryology

Question 29

fossils

Answer 29

preserved evidence of a previously living organism

Question 30

conditions of fossilisation

Answer 30

rapid burial lack of oxygen stagnant swamps

Question 31

types of fossils

Answer 31

original fossils replacement fossils indirect fossils

Question 32

indirect fossils

Answer 32

not parts of organisms but traces of it

Question 33

moulds

Answer 33

imprint showing outside of organism

Question 34

cast

Answer 34

organism covered by mud

Question 35

best types of environment for preserving organism

Answer 35

amber permafrost peat

Question 36

amber

Answer 36

solid plant sap or gum

Question 37

permafrost

Answer 37

frozen land

Question 38

peat

Answer 38

decomposed plants like moss

Question 39

what type of rock are fossils found in

Answer 39

sedimentary

Question 40

what are index fossils used for

Answer 40

used to identify geological periods

Question 41

index fossil characteristics

Answer 41

abundant large geographical range highly distinctive short time

Question 42

stratigraphy

Answer 42

comparing layers

Question 43

transitional fossils

Answer 43

fossils of organisms that show features of 2 different groups

Question 44

tetrapods

Answer 44

animals with four legs

Question 45

homologous tetrapod limbs

Answer 45

one long bone attached to two other long bones

Question 46

4 bones in tetrapod

Answer 46

ulna radius humerus cmp

Question 47

homology

Answer 47

similar structures from a common ancestor

Question 48

pentadactyl limbs

Answer 48

same base with 5 digits

Question 49

comparative embryology

Answer 49

early embryos of all vertebrates same structure

Question 50

embryology characteristics

Answer 50

``` notochord (spinal cord) gill slits (neck) ```

Question 51

comparitive dna

Answer 51

heat up DNA which seperate into 2 different strands | two strands hybridise i

Question 52

what are proteins made of

Answer 52

amino acids

Question 53

number of cysosome c in different species derernubes

Answer 53

how close human dna is to other animals

Question 54

4 observations of Charles Darwin

Answer 54

Produce more than can survive Variations are passed on and inherited Show variation in characteristics Population is constant