Biology 1a Flashcards
What is IVF?
Collecting egg from the woman’s ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using the mans sperm . These grow into embryos . Once the embryos are tiny balls of cell. One or two are transferred to the woman’s womb
The women will be injected with FSH and LH before egg collection to stimulate egg production
What is the 3 main food group?
Carbohydrate- use for energy
Protein - growth and repair for building cell
Fats- stores energy
What are the adv of IVF?
Gives infertile couple a child
What are the disadvantage of IVF?
- Strong reaction to the hormones
- Multiple birth
Why is FSH used in the process of IVF?
To stimulate egg production
What is Auxin?
A plant growth hormones that controls growth near the tips of shoots and roots
What happens when the shoot top is exposed to light ?
More auxin accumulates on the side that’s in the shade than the side on the light in result the cells grow faster on the shaded side so the shoots bend toward the light
What happens when shoots grow away from gravity ?
The shoots grow sideways so gravity is producing an unequal amount of auxins in the top with more auxin on the lower side in result lower side grows faster bending the shoots upwards
True of faulse
A root growing sidewards will also have more auxin on its lower side
True
the roots inhibits auxin so growth
So the cells will elongate on top faster and the root bent downwards
What is the growth of a plant in response to moisture ?
Geotropism
What happens when the roots grow towards the moisture ?
Uneven amount of moisture on either side of a root Produces more auxin on the side with more moisture so this inhibits growth on that side causing the root to bend in that direction towards the moisture
How has plant hormones been used in agriculture ?
They affect broad leaf plants eg; weeds and they distribute their normal growth patterns which soon kills them but leave the crops untouched
What are drugs?
Drugs alter the chemical reactions that take place in your body
Name the three types of drugs?
- Medical drugs so are used in medicines only like antibiotics
- Recreational drugs that are useful find this could be a legal or illegal
- Performing enchancing drugs that can improve a person performance in sports
Why are some people against performance enchancing drugs? 2 reasons
It is unfair because people gain an advantage by taking drugs and not training
It comes a serious health risk for example high blood pressure
Why are some people for performance enhancing drugs?
Athletes or any of our can make their own decision
Sport is unfair as different athletes have different training facilities coaches and equipments
What are statins ?
They are prescribed drugs used to lower the risk of heart and circulatory disease
What is cannabis?
Cannabis is an illegal drug however scientist investigated whether the chemicals in cannabis smoke causes mental health problems
more scientific research still needs to be found
What are the three main stages in drug testing?
The first stage is to test on human cells and tissue
Second stage is to test on live animals to see whether the drug works, toxicity and the best dosage
The third stage is to tesed on human volunteers in a clinical trial they split the group Into two group and one group is given the new drug whilst the other is on the placebo so the doctors can see the actual different the drugs making
Why do people use recreational drugs?
Mostly for enjoyment relaxation or stress relief
Personal life
Name the main legal recrational or drugs?
Smoking and alcohol
What are the negative impact of smoking ?
Causes diseases of heart, lungs and blood vessel
Nicotine is addictive so it’s hard to stop smoking
Negative impact on alcohol?
Affects the nervous system and slows down the body’s reaction
Excessive drinking can cause liver disease and brain damage
alcohol is addictive
What is carbohydrates used for ?
To release energy for life process
What is the function for fats?
To insulate us and release energy
What is the function if protein
For growth and repair - for building cells
What does metabolic rate mean ?
Is the speed at which chemical reaction takes place in the body
What factors affect metabolic rate?
Age gender Amount of ex exercise Inherited factors eg cholesterol level Amount of exercise
What does obesity mean ?
Obesity is being 20% over the maximum recomended body mass
What is bacteria
Bacteria are very small cells which reproduce rapidly in your body making you feel ill by damaging your cells and producing toxin
What is viruses ?
Viruses are not cells- they replicate themselves by invading your cells and reproducing your cells and reproducing until your cells burst creating a new viruse
3 ways your human body defence system reacts and explain
Consuming them- white blood cells can engulf the foreign calls and digest them
Producing antitoxin
Producing antibodies
Explain the process of vaccination ?
Vaccination involves injecting a small amount of dead or in active micro organism which carry antigens these cause your body to produce antibodies to attack term so if the microorganism of the same type of appear the white blood cells will Rapidly mass produce antibodies to kill the pathogen
Adv of vaccination
- help control lots of infectious diseases
- epidemic can be prevented
Disadvantages of vaccination
Vaccines don’t always work
- some people may have a bad reaction
