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9th GRADE NOTECARDS :( > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

Chapter 8

1
Q

what controls the movement of the body?

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

what is a biologist of the nervous system?

A

Neurobiologist

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3
Q

what is a doctor that specializes in problems with the nervous system?

A

Neurologist

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4
Q

what system includes the brain and the spinal cord?

A

central nervous system

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5
Q

what is the principal organ of the nervous system?

A

Brain

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6
Q

what is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located
within the spinal cavity?

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

what is the protective tissues of the spinal cord & brain?

A

Meninges

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8
Q

what is composed of thin fibers, like the fibers of a spider’s web, it forms an intricate three dimensional network around the brain?

A

arachnoid mater

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8
Q

what is one of the strongest tissues of the body, serves primarily as a flexible protective layer?

A

dura mater

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9
Q

what forms a delicate covering that rests directly against the brain and spinal cord?

A

pia mater

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9
Q

what circulates through the fibers of the arachnoid mater, cushioning the brain when you bump your head?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

what supports and insulates nerve tissue?

A

Glial cells

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11
Q

what is the nerve cells?

A

Neurons

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12
Q

what consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons and is gray because the cell bodies lack the white?

A

gray matter

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13
Q

what is com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content?

A

white matter

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14
Q

what is a network of interconnected nerve fibers?

A

Plexus

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15
Q

what are masses of cell bodies?

A

Ganglia

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16
Q

what transmits information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals

A

sensory neurons

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16
Q

what is a group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord?

A

nerve center

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17
Q

what relays signals from the central nervous system to the other parts of the body?

A

motor neurons

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18
Q

what relays signals between neurons or groups of neurons and are responsible for the processing of information by the brain?

A

Interneurons

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19
Q

what is a serious disease that attacks the spinal cord?

A

Meningitis

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20
Q

what is tightly sealed capillary walls, known as the protect the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick?

A

Blood-brain barrier

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21
Q

what is a invading microorganism, enters the nerve tissue and infect the meninges?

A

Meningitis

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22
what carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to produce action in muscles and organs?
Motor nerve fibers
23
what responds to your body’s needs during increased activity and in emer­gency situations by causing heartbeat and breathing rates to increase?
sympathetic division
23
what is part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs?
autonomic nervous system
24
what acts as a balance to counteract the actions of the sympathetic division?
parasympathetic division
25
what controls muscles of the forearm and the muscles and skin of the hand, is representative of how all peripheral nerves are designed?
median nerve
26
what produces layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on an elec­trical wire?
Schwann cells
27
what is the inability of the muscles to move?
Paralysis
27
what is a disease of the brain and spinal cord?
Multiple sclerosis
28
what is the enclosed junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell?
Synapse
28
what is the propagated by fast acting, voltage sensing ion gates that quickly open and close?
action potential
29
what affects the patient’s control of posture and movement; it is characterized by tremors (shaking) and stiffness of the limbs?
Parkinson’s disease
30
what is the potent inhibitor of impulse transmission in motor nerves?
Botulinum
31
what is a powerful poison that is responsi­ble for the most deadly type of food poisoning?
botulinum toxin
32
what is the simplest act of the nervous system, a quick, automatic response?
Reflex
33
what is the simplest nerve pathway, allows nerve impulses to bypass the brain when a speedy response is necessary?
reflex arc
34
what is the largest, most important part of the nervous system?
Brain
35
what is the lower part of brain, helps control balance & coordinate voluntary muscle activity?
Cerebellum
35
what is the upper part of brain, coordinates thought, memory, and behavior (largest part of the brain)?
Cerebrum
36
what is the part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activi­ties of the autonomic nervous system?
brain stem
36
what are the that hemispheres communicate with each other through nerve fibers, located at the base of the cerebrum?
corpus callosum
37
what are the two halves of the brain known as?
Hemispheres
38
what hemispheres communicate with each other through nerve fibers, located at the base of the cerebrum?
Corpus callosum
39
what is the outer layer of the cerebrum?
Cerebral cortex
40
what corresponds to the major bones of the cranium?
Lobes
41
what is the rear of the frontal lobe?
Motor area
42
what is associated with personality, judgment, and self control?
Frontal lobes
43
what is located behind the frontal lobe, analyze senses, allow us to feel sensations?
Parietal lobes
44
the sense of vision is interpreted by these, located at the back of the brain
Occipital lobes
45
what are located on either side of the brain, associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell?
Temporal lobes
46
what is damage to the cerebral motor area before birth?
Cerebral palsy
47
what is the lowest part of the brainstem?
Medulla oblongata
48
what links the cerebrum with the cerebellum?
Pons
49
what helps coordinate eye motion?
Midbrain
49
what turns the brain on and off?
Reticular formation
50
what acts like a switch­board, routing activation signals from the reticular formation & sensory impulses from parts of the body to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
50
what is involved in coordinating the activity of the different parts of the brain?
Limbic system
51
what is the control unit for your body’s automatic systems (feelings)?
Hypothalamus
52
what is a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli?
Behaviorism
53
what is the repeated or prolonged exposure to excessively loud sounds resulting in partial or complete hearing loss?
Sensorineural deafness
54
what is the sleeper’s closed eyes show rapid eye movements as though he were watching the events of a dream?
REM sleep- (rapid eye move­ment)
55
what is the most commonly abused drug in the world today?
Alcohol
56
what is the most common serious injury of the nervous system?
stroke
57
what is a minor brain injury to the head?
Concussion
58
what is it called when the spinal nerves protrude from the spinal cord in the neck (happens when the head is knocked back quickly, then pushed forward)?
Whiplash
59
what Is the prolonged unconscious state?
Coma
60
what is caused by a type of bacterium (Clos­tridium tetani ) that dwells naturally in the soil?
Tetanus
61
what is the disturbance of the brain caused by physical illness elsewhere in the body?
acute confusion
62
what is it called when neurons occasionally malfunction and begin to fire together, disrupting ordinary ce­rebral processing and causing unconsciousness?
epilepsy
63
what slows down your nervous system?
Depressant
64
what is the degeneration and inflammation of nerves?
Neuritis
65
what is caused by a pinching of the sciatic nerve of the lower spinal cord?
Sciatica
66
Acetaldehyde- poison of the liver from alcohol abuse; this poison is responsible for the headaches and nausea (hangover)

9th GRADE NOTECARDS :( (7 decks)

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