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9th GRADE NOTECARDS :( > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

Chapter 8

1
Q

what controls the movement of the body?

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

what is a biologist of the nervous system?

A

Neurobiologist

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3
Q

what is a doctor that specializes in problems with the nervous system?

A

Neurologist

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4
Q

what system includes the brain and the spinal cord?

A

central nervous system

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5
Q

what is the principal organ of the nervous system?

A

Brain

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6
Q

what is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located
within the spinal cavity?

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

what is the protective tissues of the spinal cord & brain?

A

Meninges

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8
Q

what is composed of thin fibers, like the fibers of a spider’s web, it forms an intricate three dimensional network around the brain?

A

arachnoid mater

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8
Q

what is one of the strongest tissues of the body, serves primarily as a flexible protective layer?

A

dura mater

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9
Q

what forms a delicate covering that rests directly against the brain and spinal cord?

A

pia mater

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9
Q

what circulates through the fibers of the arachnoid mater, cushioning the brain when you bump your head?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

what supports and insulates nerve tissue?

A

Glial cells

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11
Q

what is the nerve cells?

A

Neurons

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12
Q

what consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons and is gray because the cell bodies lack the white?

A

gray matter

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13
Q

what is com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content?

A

white matter

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14
Q

what is a network of interconnected nerve fibers?

A

Plexus

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15
Q

what are masses of cell bodies?

A

Ganglia

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16
Q

what transmits information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals

A

sensory neurons

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16
Q

what is a group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord?

A

nerve center

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17
Q

what relays signals from the central nervous system to the other parts of the body?

A

motor neurons

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18
Q

what relays signals between neurons or groups of neurons and are responsible for the processing of information by the brain?

A

Interneurons

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19
Q

what is a serious disease that attacks the spinal cord?

A

Meningitis

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20
Q

what is tightly sealed capillary walls, known as the protect the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick?

A

Blood-brain barrier

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21
Q

what is a invading microorganism, enters the nerve tissue and infect the meninges?

A

Meningitis

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22
Q

what carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to produce action in muscles and organs?

A

Motor nerve fibers

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23
Q

what responds to your body’s needs during increased activity and in emer­gency situations by causing heartbeat and breathing rates to increase?

A

sympathetic division

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23
Q

what is part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs?

A

autonomic nervous system

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24
Q

what acts as a balance to counteract the actions of the sympathetic division?

A

parasympathetic division

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25
Q

what controls muscles of the forearm and the muscles and skin of the hand, is representative of how all peripheral nerves are designed?

A

median nerve

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26
Q

what produces layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on an elec­trical wire?

A

Schwann cells

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27
Q

what is the inability of the muscles to move?

A

Paralysis

27
Q

what is a disease of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Multiple sclerosis

28
Q

what is the enclosed junction between two
neurons or a neuron and another cell?

A

Synapse

28
Q

what is the propagated by fast acting,
voltage sensing ion gates that quickly open
and close?

A

action potential

29
Q

what affects the patient’s control of posture and movement; it is characterized by tremors (shaking) and stiffness of the limbs?

A

Parkinson’s disease

30
Q

what is the potent inhibitor of impulse transmission in motor nerves?

A

Botulinum

31
Q

what is a powerful poison that is responsi­ble for the most deadly type of food poisoning?

A

botulinum toxin

32
Q

what is the simplest act of the nervous system, a quick, automatic response?

A

Reflex

33
Q

what is the simplest nerve pathway, allows nerve impulses to bypass the brain when a speedy response is necessary?

A

reflex arc

34
Q

what is the largest, most important part of the nervous system?

A

Brain

35
Q

what is the lower part of brain, helps control balance & coordinate voluntary muscle activity?

A

Cerebellum

35
Q

what is the upper part of brain, coordinates thought, memory, and behavior (largest part of the brain)?

A

Cerebrum

36
Q

what is the part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activi­ties of the autonomic nervous system?

A

brain stem

36
Q

what are the that hemispheres communicate with each other through nerve fibers, located at the base of the cerebrum?

A

corpus callosum

37
Q

what are the two halves of the brain known as?

A

Hemispheres

38
Q

what hemispheres communicate with each other through nerve fibers, located at the base of the cerebrum?

A

Corpus callosum

39
Q

what is the outer layer of the cerebrum?

A

Cerebral cortex

40
Q

what corresponds to the major bones of the cranium?

A

Lobes

41
Q

what is the rear of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor area

42
Q

what is associated with personality, judgment, and self control?

A

Frontal lobes

43
Q

what is located behind the frontal lobe, analyze senses, allow us to feel sensations?

A

Parietal lobes

44
Q

the sense of vision is interpreted by these, located at the back of the brain

A

Occipital lobes

45
Q

what are located on either side of the brain, associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell?

A

Temporal lobes

46
Q

what is damage to the cerebral motor area before birth?

A

Cerebral palsy

47
Q

what is the lowest part of the brainstem?

A

Medulla oblongata

48
Q

what links the cerebrum with the cerebellum?

A

Pons

49
Q

what helps coordinate eye motion?

A

Midbrain

49
Q

what turns the brain on and off?

A

Reticular formation

50
Q

what acts like a switch­board, routing activation signals from the reticular formation & sensory impulses from parts of the body to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

Thalamus

50
Q

what is involved in coordinating the activity of the different parts of the brain?

A

Limbic system

51
Q

what is the control unit for your body’s automatic systems (feelings)?

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

what is a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli?

A

Behaviorism

53
Q

what is the repeated or prolonged exposure to excessively loud sounds resulting in partial or complete hearing loss?

A

Sensorineural deafness

54
Q

what is the sleeper’s closed eyes show rapid eye movements as though he were watching the events of a dream?

A

REM sleep- (rapid eye move­ment)

55
Q

what is the most commonly abused drug in the world today?

A

Alcohol

56
Q

what is the most common serious injury of the nervous system?

A

stroke

57
Q

what is a minor brain injury to the head?

A

Concussion

58
Q

what is it called when the spinal nerves protrude from the spinal cord in the neck (happens when the head is knocked back quickly, then pushed forward)?

A

Whiplash

59
Q

what Is the prolonged unconscious state?

A

Coma

60
Q

what is caused by a type of bacterium (Clos­tridium tetani ) that dwells naturally in the soil?

A

Tetanus

61
Q

what is the disturbance of the brain caused by physical illness elsewhere in the body?

A

acute confusion

62
Q

what is it called when neurons occasionally malfunction and begin to fire together, disrupting ordinary ce­rebral processing and causing unconsciousness?

A

epilepsy

63
Q

what slows down your nervous system?

A

Depressant

64
Q

what is the degeneration and inflammation of nerves?

A

Neuritis

65
Q

what is caused by a pinching of the sciatic nerve of the lower spinal cord?

A

Sciatica

66
Q

Acetaldehyde- poison of the liver from alcohol abuse; this poison is responsible for the headaches and nausea (hangover)

A

9th GRADE NOTECARDS :( (6 decks)

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