Bio qz, 9.1-9.2

Question 1

chemical processes of life

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

elements and compounds needed for energy and repair growth

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

energy content of food. (must have a capital ‘C’)

Answer 3

Calories

Question 4

one thousand of the calories (lowercase c) sometimes used in physics, or one kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 4

Kilocalorie

Question 5

body’s primary source of energy and building materials

Answer 5

Macronutrients

Question 6

vitamins and minerals needed in much smaller amounts; essential for proper body function

Answer 6

Micronutrients

Question 7

mixture of polysaccharides manufactured by plant cells for glucose storage

Answer 7

Starch

Question 7

not digested or incorporated into the body

Answer 7

Dietary fiber

Question 8

turns into a gel during digestion

Answer 8

Soluble fiber

Question 9

helps move undigested wastes along to keep the intestines clean and healthy; Cellulose, the primary component of plant cell walls

Answer 9

Insoluble fiber

Question 10

where excess energy-producing substances are converted to fat and stored

Answer 10

Adipose cells

Question 11

being severely overweight because of excess body fat

Answer 11

Obesity

Question 12

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

simpler molecules that proteins are made of; building blocks

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

varied group of compounds characterized by their insolubility (inability to dissolve) in water

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

molecule made of carbon and oxygen atoms attached to a long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Answer 15

Fatty acids

Question 16

used by the body to make bile, vitamin D, and chemical messengers

Answer 16

Cholesterol

Question 17

fatty acids are combined into larger molecules

Answer 17

Fats

Question 18

energy carrier of the cell

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

control chemical reactions in the cell

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them

Answer 20

Vitamins

Question 21

soluble vitamins- eliminated from the body

Answer 21

water

Question 22

can accumulate in the body if ingested in excess, are vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Answer 22

fat-soluble vitamins

Question 23

molecules that assist a cell’s enzymes in performing their jobs.

Answer 23

Coenzymes

Question 24

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

Answer 24

Antioxidants

Question 25

important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues (Ex. Calcium, phosphorus, iron, and iodine)

Answer 25

Minerals

Question 26

needed in extremely small quantities, but are still important

Answer 26

Trace elements

Question 27

much of a person’s body weight; The percentage of water in the body is related to the amount of fat in the body

Answer 27

Water

Question 28

body tissues absorb extra fluids and cannot maintain proper water balance

Answer 28

Edema

Question 29

tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 29

Alimentary Canal

Question 30

changing of food substances with large, complex chemical molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

Answer 30

Digestion

Question 31

soap-like substance stored by the liver

Answer 31

Bile

Question 32

Proteins that control digestion

Answer 32

Enzymes

Question 33

the mouth

Answer 33

Oral Cavity

Question 34

pushes food between the teeth and helps mix the food with mucus and saliva

Answer 34

Tongue

Question 35

produces saliva

Answer 35

Salivary glands

Question 36

cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces

Answer 36

Teeth

Question 37

the four front cutting teeth

Answer 37

Incisors

Question 38

the two tearing teeth that flank the incisors

Answer 38

Cuspids

Question 39

four light-grinding teeth that are in pairs on each side of the jaw next to the cuspids

Answer 39

Bicuspids

Question 40

six heavy-grinding teeth that are arranged three to a side at the back of the jaw

Answer 40

Molars

Question 41

chewing

Answer 41

Mastication

Question 42

inner part of the tooth

Answer 42

Pulp

Question 43

funnel-shaped cavity at the back of the oral cavity (throat)

Answer 43

Pharynx

Question 44

most common tooth disease

Answer 44

Dental caries

Question 45

inflammation and infection of the tissues that support your teeth

Answer 45

Periodontal disease

Question 46

a 25 cm (9.8 in) long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach, lies behind the trachea (windpipe)

Answer 46

Esophagus

Question 47

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

Answer 47

Peristalsis

Question 48

closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

Answer 48

Epiglottis