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9th GRADE NOTECARDS :( > Bio qz, 9.1-9.2 > Flashcards

Bio qz, 9.1-9.2 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical processes of life

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

elements and compounds needed for energy and repair growth

A

Nutrients

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3
Q

energy content of food. (must have a capital ‘C’)

A

Calories

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4
Q

one thousand of the calories (lowercase c) sometimes used in physics, or one kilocalorie (kcal)

A

Kilocalorie

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5
Q

body’s primary source of energy and building materials

A

Macronutrients

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6
Q

vitamins and minerals needed in much smaller amounts; essential for proper body function

A

Micronutrients

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7
Q

mixture of polysaccharides manufactured by plant cells for glucose storage

A

Starch

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7
Q

not digested or incorporated into the body

A

Dietary fiber

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8
Q

turns into a gel during digestion

A

Soluble fiber

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9
Q

helps move undigested wastes along to keep the intestines clean and healthy; Cellulose, the primary component of plant cell walls

A

Insoluble fiber

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10
Q

where excess energy-producing substances are converted to fat and stored

A

Adipose cells

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11
Q

being severely overweight because of excess body fat

A

Obesity

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12
Q

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

A

Proteins

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13
Q

simpler molecules that proteins are made of; building blocks

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

varied group of compounds characterized by their insolubility (inability to dissolve) in water

A

Lipids

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15
Q

molecule made of carbon and oxygen atoms attached to a long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Fatty acids

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16
Q

used by the body to make bile, vitamin D, and chemical messengers

A

Cholesterol

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17
Q

fatty acids are combined into larger molecules

A

Fats

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18
Q

energy carrier of the cell

A

ATP

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19
Q

control chemical reactions in the cell

A

Enzymes

20
Q

important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them

A

Vitamins

21
Q

soluble vitamins- eliminated from the body

A

water

22
Q

can accumulate in the body if ingested in excess, are vitamins A, D, E, and K.

A

fat-soluble vitamins

23
Q

molecules that assist a cell’s enzymes in performing their jobs.

A

Coenzymes

24
Q

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

A

Antioxidants

25
Q

important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues (Ex. Calcium, phosphorus, iron, and iodine)

A

Minerals

26
Q

needed in extremely small quantities, but are still important

A

Trace elements

27
Q

much of a person’s body weight; The percentage of water in the body is related to the amount of fat in the body

A

Water

28
Q

body tissues absorb extra fluids and cannot maintain proper water balance

A

Edema

29
Q

tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

A

Alimentary Canal

30
Q

changing of food substances with large, complex chemical molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

A

Digestion

31
Q

soap-like substance stored by the liver

A

Bile

32
Q

Proteins that control digestion

A

Enzymes

33
Q

the mouth

A

Oral Cavity

34
Q

pushes food between the teeth and helps mix the food with mucus and saliva

A

Tongue

35
Q

produces saliva

A

Salivary glands

36
Q

cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces

A

Teeth

37
Q

the four front cutting teeth

A

Incisors

38
Q

the two tearing teeth that flank the incisors

A

Cuspids

39
Q

four light-grinding teeth that are in pairs on each side of the jaw next to the cuspids

A

Bicuspids

40
Q

six heavy-grinding teeth that are arranged three to a side at the back of the jaw

A

Molars

41
Q

chewing

A

Mastication

42
Q

inner part of the tooth

A

Pulp

43
Q

funnel-shaped cavity at the back of the oral cavity (throat)

A

Pharynx

44
Q

most common tooth disease

A

Dental caries

45
Q

inflammation and infection of the tissues that support your teeth

A

Periodontal disease

46
Q

a 25 cm (9.8 in) long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach, lies behind the trachea (windpipe)

A

Esophagus

47
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

48
Q

closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

A

Epiglottis

9th GRADE NOTECARDS :( (7 decks)

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